A a
a dull or deadened sound, made by striking any soft object, or the ground𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷 2
a little bit (used with both count nouns and mass nouns)π’Ήπ’·π“„π’·π““π’»Ν˜ 3unspec. comp. form ofπ’Ήπ’·π“„π’·π““π’»Ν˜
a small amount or number𐒡𐓂𐓄𐒰 4
acrid smell (such as armpit odor or onion smell)π“’π’°Ν˜π“’π’» 2
act of hearing, understanding, paying attention, heeding adviceπ“π’°Ν˜π“π“Žπ“Šπ’· 3
activate by pushing on𐓄𐒰𐓐𐒻 2unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1
administer medical care to someoneπ“‡π“Šπ’·π“π’· 2unspec. comp. form of-𐓍𐒷
alcohol
along a path toward where you (the hearer) are or toward something or someone closer to you (the hearer) than to the speaker𐓇𐒷 π“ˆπ’°π’Ήπ’° 2unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒷2π“ˆπ’°π’Ήπ’°1
and (in numbers only)π’·π“Šπ’»1 1
animal's tail, part of Osage dance costumeπ“†π’»Ν˜π“Šπ’· 2
any item worn like a blanket or robeπ“€π’»Ν˜3 4
any kind of bread whether corn or wheat, in any shape or sizeπ“π’°π“Šπ“Žπ’· 3unspec. comp. form of𐓏𐒰-3π“Šπ“Žπ“Šπ’·
any kind of flour or grain (such as wheat, oats)π“π’°π“Šπ“Žπ’· 5unspec. comp. form of𐓏𐒰-3π“Šπ“Žπ“Šπ’·
approximately half a container𐒹𐒷𐓄𐒷 2
around (e.g., the edge of a pond)𐒰𐒼𐒻𐓐𐒷 13
arrive back here (action completed)
arrive back there (action completed)
as a means of or to𐒻-1 3
ask or tell someone to do something𐒷1 2
aspirin, or any other kind of medicineπ“€π’°Ν˜π’Όπ’°1 2
assign a name to something or someoneπ“π’°π“Šπ’·2 6unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒰-1
aunt (father's sister)*π“Šπ’»π“€π’»
aunt (mother's older sister)*π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜ 2
aunt (mother's older sister) (his/her)π’»π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜ 4unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜
aunt (mother's sister) (my)π’»π“π’°Ν˜ 2
B b
back (of a human or animal's body)π“π’°Ν˜π’Όπ’°1 1
badger
bark, moo, quack, etc.𐒹𐓂1 2
bathroom, toilet room, john, water closet, outhouseπ“‚π““π’·π“Šπ’»unspec. comp. form of𐓂-𐓓𐒷1π“Šπ’»1
be (a certain way)π“π’»Ν˜1 2
be around, especially in a bothersome way𐒰𐒼𐒻𐓐𐒷 4
be arrayed around, as when making a path around𐒰𐒼𐒻𐓐𐒷 11
be at the point of happeningπ“π’°Ν˜π“Šπ’·1 8
be characterized by [the immediately preceding word or phrase, which may be a noun phrase]π“π’»Ν˜1 5
be hanging (on the back of or behind something else)𐓂𐓍𐒰𐒹𐒰 6
be in good health𐓁𐒻4 2
be present here/thereπ’·π“Šπ’»2 1
be sick fromπ“‚Ν˜1 3
be well or all right𐓁𐒻4 1
beans
bed, place one lies inπ“‚π““π’°Ν˜ 3unspec. comp. form of𐓂-π““π’°Ν˜1
bend one's limb or body part (e.g., leg or arm)π“π“Žπ“‡π“‚Ν˜ 1unspec. comp. form ofπ“π“Ž-
bent over (as a person, a tree, or a hooked staff)π“Š'π’»Ν˜π“‡π’° 3
blanket (bed blanket or Pendleton-type wool blanket for wearing)π’Ήπ’°π“π’»Ν˜
blow with force (as in blowing one's nose)𐒼𐒰𐓓𐒻 5unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-
boil, as food boils when cookingπ’°π“„π“Žπ“π’· 1
border or edge of an objectπ’Όπ“‚Ν˜π’Ήπ’° 2
branching out, as the separate claws on a foot𐓐𐒰𐒼𐒰 4
break a long object by pushingπ“„π’°π“π“‚Ν˜ 1unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1π“π“‚Ν˜
break by biting or with the mouthπ“π’°π“π“‚Ν˜ 2unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒰-1π“π“‚Ν˜
break off by pushing (e.g., a limb)π“„π’°π“π“‚Ν˜ 2unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1π“π“‚Ν˜
break off, break by striking (a long object, such as a stick)π’Όπ’°π“π“‚Ν˜ 1unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-π“π“‚Ν˜
brother (baby, of a female) (her)𐒼𐓐𐒰𐓄𐒱 5
brother (baby, of a female) (my)𐒼𐓐𐒰𐓄𐒱 3
brother (baby, of a female) (said to be used by a woman to refer to her youngest brother or to her youngest son if she has at least two older sons)𐒼𐓐𐒰𐓄𐒱 2
brother (baby, of a female) (your)𐒼𐓐𐒰𐓄𐒱 4
brother (older, of a female)*π“Šπ’»Ν˜π“ˆπ“‚
brother (older, of a male)*π““π’»Ν˜π“π’·
brother (younger, of a male)*π“†π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’°
brother-in-law (husband's brother)*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 1
brother-in-law (husband's brother) (her)𐒻𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 1unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷
brother-in-law (husband's brother, of a female) (my)𐓏𐒻𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 1unspec. comp. form of𐓏𐒻-1*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷
brother-in-law (husband's brother, of a female) (your)𐓍𐒻𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 1unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-1*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷
brother-in-law (husband's sister's brother, of a female) (my)
brother-in-law (husband's sister's husband, of a female)*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 3
brother-in-law (husband's sister's husband, of a female) (her)𐒻𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 3unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷
brother-in-law (husband's sister's husband, of a female) (your)𐓍𐒻𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 3unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-1*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷
brother-in-law (sister's husband, of a female)*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 2
brother-in-law (sister's husband, of a female) (her)𐒻𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 2unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷
brother-in-law (sister's husband, of a female) (my)𐓏𐒻𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 2unspec. comp. form of𐓏𐒻-1*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷
brother-in-law (sister's husband, of a female) (your)𐓍𐒻𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷 2unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-1*𐓇𐒻𐒼'𐒷
brother-in-law (sister's husband, of a male) (his)π’»π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’Ήπ’° 3unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’Ήπ’°
brother-in-law (wife's brother)*π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’Ήπ’° 2
brother-in-law (wife's brother) (his/her)π’»π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’Ήπ’° 2unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’Ήπ’°
build a fire onπ’°π“Šπ’·π“π’·unspec. comp. form of𐒰-2
burst, as a leaf on the forehead, by striking it with the hands𐒼𐒰𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷 7unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷
by blowing (as on a fire to get it started, dust from a table top, dandelion fluff into the wind, anything from the palm of the hand)π“„π“Ž-1 2
by extreme of temperatureπ“ˆπ’°- 1
by heat or coldπ“ˆπ’°- 2
by means of cutting or sawing𐓄𐒰-2 1
by means of pushing𐓄𐒰-1 1
by means of sudden intrusive action (e.g., 'by shooting', 'by punching')𐓄𐓂- 1
by means of the handπ“π“Ž-
by means of the mouth𐓍𐒰-1
by pressing, smoothing, flattening, rubbingπ“„π“Ž-1 1
by pushing away or by hand𐓄𐒰-1 2
by pushing or pressing on something (either compacting or spreading it)𐓄𐒰-1 3
by pushing up and away with the hands𐓄𐒰-1 4
by sudden application of force or sudden movement𐒼𐒰- 2
by use of a sharp edge𐓄𐒰-2 3
C c
Caddo (tribe or tribal member)π’Ήπ’»Ν˜π“‡π’°
call on someone's nameπ“π’°π“Šπ’·2 1unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒰-1
call on the telephone𐓂𐒼𐒻𐒷1 4unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒻𐒼-2
carry on the back𐒼'π’»Ν˜ 2
cause to fly out into pieces𐓄𐒰𐓆𐒻𐒼𐒷 12unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1
change (as the weather)π“‡π’Όπ’°Ν˜ 2
Cherokee (tribe or tribal member)𐓇𐒰𐒿𐒰𐒼𐒻
chop down (not by sawing)𐒼𐒰𐓆𐒷 4unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-*𐓆𐒷
chop or cut with a striking blow (e.g., from a blade, such as an axe or knife)𐒼𐒰𐓆𐒷 1unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-*𐓆𐒷
chop up (e.g., long, thin sticks of wood for a fire)𐒼𐒰𐓆𐒷 3unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-*𐓆𐒷
circle around (as in a tipi meeting'go clear around', avoiding the center)𐒰𐒼𐒻𐓐𐒷 6
clean, disinfect (e.g., a buffalo hide)π“π“Žπ“π’°π“†π“Ž 3unspec. comp. form ofπ“π“Ž-
clear sky, as after a storm𐒼𐒷𐓍𐓂
climb onto (by using the arms)π’°π“Šπ’· 2
clubs (suit in a deck of cards)π“Š'𐒰𐓓𐒻 3unspec. comp. form ofπ“Š'𐒷𐒰𐓓𐒻
cold (used for inanimates only)𐓁𐒻𐓁𐒻1 1
cold with sniffles and fever𐒹𐓂𐓐𐓄𐒷 3
come back (action underway)
command someone to do something𐒼𐒰𐓓𐒻 4unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-
continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 1st singular sitting or lying down subjectπ“€π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“‡π’·
continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 2nd singular sitting subjectπ“π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“‡π’· 1
continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 3rd person singular or plural moving or absent subject𐒰𐓄𐒰1 1
continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 3rd person singular or plural nonmoving subject that is present with speaker𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒰1 1
cook, prepare (e.g., food)π“‚π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜
cousin (father's sister's daughter)*π“Šπ’»π““π“‚ 1
cousin (father's sister's daughter) (his/her)π’»π“Šπ’»π““π“‚ 1unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π“Šπ’»π““π“‚
cousin (father's sister's son)*π“Šπ“‚π“‡π’Όπ’° 4
cover (as with cloth or blanket)𐒰𐒼𐒰𐓆𐓄𐒷2 3unspec. comp. form of𐒰-2
cover (for a tipi, sweat house, pillow, etc.)𐓂𐓍𐒻𐓇𐒻 2unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-3
cover with dirt (as a grave)𐒰𐒼𐒰𐓆𐓄𐒷2 4unspec. comp. form of𐒰-2
crack the leaves of the zhaⁿ shabe hu with the tongue𐓍𐒰𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷 2unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒰-1𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷
crooked, bent over (referring to a human body)π“Š'π’»Ν˜π“π’°
culmination of (a certain action or state)𐓂- 3
cut (e.g., with scissors)π“π“Žπ“†π’·unspec. comp. form ofπ“π“Ž-*𐓆𐒷
cut into pieces (e.g., a cake)𐓄𐒰𐓆𐒷1 2unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1*𐓆𐒷
cut off by using a pushing motion𐓄𐒰𐓆𐒷1 3unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1*𐓆𐒷
cut up (e.g., meat or potatoes)𐓄𐒰𐓆𐒷1 1unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1*𐓆𐒷
cylindrical, but not necessarily perpendicular𐒴𐓂𐒼𐒰 15
D d
daughter (fourth and beyond) (his/her)π’°π“†π’»π““π’»Ν˜ 3
daughter (fourth and beyond) (my)π’°π“†π’»π““π’»Ν˜ 1
daughter (fourth and beyond) (your)π’°π“†π’»π““π’»Ν˜ 2
daughter (fourth and sebsequent daughters)π’°π“†π’»π““π’»Ν˜ 4
daughter (second) (his/her)𐓏𐒻𐒹𐒷 3
daughter-in-law
daughter-in-law (son's wife)*π“Šπ’»π“π’»
difficult, hard to do things with𐓆𐒰𐒼𐒻 7
dig (e.g., a grave)𐓄𐒰𐒼'𐓂 1unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1
discard someone or somethingπ“‚Ν˜π“π’° 4
disheveled (e.g., having mussed or messed-up hair)𐒹𐒷𐓐𐓄𐒰 5
distributed to eachπ“π’°Ν˜4
divorce or separate fromπ“‚Ν˜π“π’· 6
do, engage in (an activity)π“‚Ν˜2
done (e.g., in cooking)π“Šπ“Žπ“Šπ’· 1
drive (a vehicle)𐒼𐒰𐓓𐒻 1unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-
drop something into (e.g., eyedrops into eyes)𐓂𐓍𐒻𐒼'𐒷
during the nightπ’Ήπ’°Ν˜ 3
dust or clean (e.g., the house)π“π’»π“Šπ’»π“’π’· 1unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-3
E e
each other (reciprocal)𐒼𐒻𐒼-2 2
earth division (of the Osage tribe)π’Ήπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’° 5
eat (in general)
edging (e.g., a fabric or ribbon sewn around the edges of a blanket or garment)𐒴𐒰𐓐𐒷 2
elders in times pastπ“π“‚Ν˜1 10
emanate an odorπ’΄π’°Ν˜ 2
emanate an odor while being heated (as in cooking/burning, refers to either a good or bad odor)π“ˆπ’°π’΄π’°Ν˜ 2unspec. comp. form ofπ“ˆπ’°-π’΄π’°Ν˜
emit or exhale an odorπ’΄π’°Ν˜ 4
encircle a place or a person (especially in an annoying way)𐒰𐒼𐒻𐓐𐒷 3
end or stop an activity involving the mouthπ“π’°π“‡π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ 2unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒰-1*π“‡π“ˆπ’°Ν˜
enter formally (as into a peyote meeting)𐓂𐓄𐒷 2
enter or go in/into𐓂𐓄𐒷 1
F f
fan made of feathers or loose feathers (as used in peyote meetings)π“€π’°Ν˜π“‡π’°Ν˜ 3
fart (with a small noise, by letting the air out slowly)π“π’»π““π’»π“Šπ’· 2unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-3
father's cousin (father's mother's brother's daughter)*𐒼𐓂 5
father's cousin (father's mother's brother's daughter) (his/her)𐒻𐒼𐓂 11unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
father's cousin (father's mother's brother's daughter) (my)𐒻𐒼𐓂 12unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
father's cousin (father's mother's brother's daughter) (your)𐓍𐒻𐒼𐓂 6unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-1*𐒼𐓂
feathers of certain kinds of birds (such as eagle, hawk, and macaw)π“€π’°Ν˜π“‡π’°Ν˜ 2
feel cold (animate subject)π“π’»π“Šπ’· 2
field planted for harvest𐓂𐓏𐒷 4
fine (e.g., fine raindrops)π“π“‚π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ 3
fit, be suitable or appropriateπ’»π“ˆπ’°1 4unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π“ˆπ’°
flat, as a chair bottom, the broad surface of a board, etc.𐒴𐒰𐒼'𐒰 2
flat, flattened or mashed (said of a soft object)π“ˆπ“‚π““π’· 1
follow (e.g., a path, a person, God's word, a car, or a horse)𐓂𐓍𐒰𐒹𐒰 1
forked or pronged, as antlers𐓐𐒰𐒼𐒰 3
fresh corn cut off the cobπ“„π’°π“‡π“„π“Ž1 2unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1
fuzz as on a peachπ’Ήπ’»Ν˜2 4
G g
game bird or other large bird𐓀𐒻𐓐𐒰 3
gather or pick (e.g., fruit)π“π“Žπ“’π’· 8unspec. comp. form ofπ“π“Ž-
generic noun subject marker𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒰2 2
give forth a crackling sound, as ice does when thrust at𐓆𐓂𐓏𐒷 4
give off a fragranceπ’΄π’°Ν˜ 3
go back
go down (e.g., the sun when setting)𐓄𐒰𐓄𐓂 3
go home
go through or down (as a road)π“‚π“„π“π’°Ν˜1 2
grandmother (his/her)𐒻𐒼𐓂 1unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
grandmother (my)𐒻𐒼𐓂 2unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
grasp someone by the scruff of the neck𐓍𐒻𐓆𐒼𐒻1 2unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-3
grease or similar substance (such as shoe polish)𐓏𐒷𐒿𐒻 3
great aunt (father's mother's sister)*𐒼𐓂 3
great aunt (father's mother's sister) (his/her)𐒻𐒼𐓂 7unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
great aunt (father's mother's sister) (my)𐒻𐒼𐓂 8unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
great aunt (father's mother's sister) (your)𐓍𐒻𐒼𐓂 4unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-1*𐒼𐓂
great aunt (mother's mother's sister)*𐒼𐓂 2
great aunt (mother's mother's sister) (his/her)𐒻𐒼𐓂 5unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
great aunt (mother's mother's sister) (my)𐒻𐒼𐓂 6unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
great aunt (mother's mother's sister) (your)𐓍𐒻𐒼𐓂 3unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-1*𐒼𐓂
great uncle (mother's father's brother)*π“Šπ’»π’Όπ“‚ 6
great-grandfather (paternal)*π“Šπ’»π’Όπ“‚ 5
grow up to adulthoodπ“π“‚Ν˜1 2
H h
halt, detain someone who is passing byπ“π’°Ν˜π““π’»Ν˜ 9
hands of the body that are touched by the attendees when passing by it at a funeral𐓇𐒰𐒼𐒷1 11
have as an illnessπ“‚Ν˜1 2
having a flat surface in the middle, with the edges rounded and curving downward, as a door knob, or the top of a hat (convex objects)𐒴𐒰𐓇𐒼𐒰
having a flat surface in the middle, with the edges rounded and curving upward, as in a plate or other concave objects𐒴𐒰𐓍𐒰 5
having leaves or leaflike layers𐓐𐒰𐓐𐒰 3
he/she/it is characterized by, they are characterized by (the immediately preceding word or phrase, which may be a noun phrase)𐒰𐓄𐒰1 2
he/she/it is characterized by, they are characterized by [the immediately preceding word or phrase, which may be a noun phrase]𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒰1 2
hearts (suit in a deck of cards)π“π’°Ν˜π“Šπ’·2 2
herd (animals)𐒼𐒰𐓓𐒻 2unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-
here near you𐓇𐒷2 1
here, in this place𐒼𐒰 6
him/her/it (closer to the hearer than to the speaker)𐓇𐒷2 4
his/her𐒻-2
his/hers, theirs (be)π’»π“ˆπ’°1 1unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π“ˆπ’°
holder (for pourable dry or liquid substances)π“‚π““π“Ž 12
hook something (e.g., clothing or a tree, by using a thrown line)π’Ήπ“Žπ’Όπ’° 1
horn (e.g., of cow or buffalo)𐒹𐒷1
hundred
I i
I am characterized by (e.g., I have a certain condition)π’΄π’»Ν˜1 3unspec. comp. form of𐒴-π“π’»Ν˜1
in a direction𐒹𐒰2 3
in bulk (e.g., a purchase of fruit, coffee, or kerosene)𐒴𐓂𐒼𐒰 1
in large pieces, not merely pieces of some item but the entire item (cooking)𐒴𐓂𐒼𐒰 7
in the center of something (centrally located)π“€π’°Ν˜π“Šπ’· 1
Indian potatoπ“ˆπ“‚1 1
inedible red berry that grows in the woods𐓄𐒰𐓒𐓂1 2
innocence emblem in peace ceremony (a child)π’Ήπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’° 6
insufficient (said of clothing)π“Šπ“Žπ“π’° 6
Ioway or Iowa Indians (a tribe living in Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma and in earlier days in Iowa)π“„π’°π“π“‚π“Šπ’·unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰3π“π“‚π“Šπ’·
isn't it so (expression inserted between phrases, marking pauses, in certain speeches of early to mid-1900s, somewhat like French "n'est-ce pas?" or use of "you know?" by some English speakersπ’Ήπ’»Ν˜1
J j
K k
Kansa (tribe or tribal member)π’Όπ’°Ν˜π“’π’· 2
keep on doing somethingπ“‡π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ 7
keep on with the action of the verbπ“π’°Ν˜π“π’°Ν˜ 3unspec. comp. form ofπ“π’°Ν˜3
know (e.g., a fact, the answer to a question)π’»π“„π’°π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜ 1
know someone as (being a certain way or a certain type of person)π’»π“„π’°π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜ 6
L l
leave or quit someoneπ“‚Ν˜π“π’° 3
lift, hold up (e.g., a picture in front of a group of people in an auditorium)π“„π’°π“€π’°Ν˜π“‡π’» 1unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1π“€π’°Ν˜π“‡π’»
lift, pick up, hold up, or raise someone or somethingπ“π’»π’Ήπ’°Ν˜unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-3*π’Ήπ’°Ν˜
light in colorπ“π’»Ν˜
little boy's roached hair with a tale𐒹𐒷 𐒼𐒰𐓐𐒷 2
look for or search for something or someone (for one's own purposes, not because it or he/she was previously lost)π“‚π“Šπ’·
lose (something specific or someone specific)𐓂𐓐𐓄𐒰𐓍𐒷 5
'
'lying down' positional article
M m
make a back and forth movement (as when riding a teeter-totter)π“†π’»π“†π’»π’°Ν˜π“π’· 2
make a speech or talk𐒻𐒷 4
make a thud or dull sound by striking a soft object, or the ground𐒼𐒰𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷 5unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷
make an animal noise𐒹𐓂1 3
make an object burst open with a popping sound, by treading or jumping on itπ“π’°Ν˜π“„π“π“‚π’Όπ’·unspec. comp. form ofπ“π’°Ν˜-𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷
make or force someone to do something𐒼𐒰𐓓𐒻 3unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒰-
make the ground give forth a deadened sound by thrusting at it𐓄𐒰𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷 1unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷
make, fix, prepare, bake𐒼𐒰𐓐𐒷1 1
marry (woman marrying a man)
marry, get married to, take as a husband (gender-specific term)π’°π“π“Žπ“π’·unspec. comp. form of𐒰-2π“π“Žπ“π’·1
mature (e.g., fruit and grain)π“Šπ“Žπ“Šπ’· 6
meeting of a group of people to converse𐓂𐒼𐒻𐒷2 2unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒻𐒼-2
moon (used in phrases such as "east door, west moon" [a way of running peyote meetings]}π“€π’»Ν˜1 2
mother-in-law (husband's mother) (his/her)𐒻𐒼𐓂 3unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
mother-in-law (husband's mother) (my)𐒻𐒼𐓂 4unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
mother-in-law (husband's mother) (your)𐓍𐒻𐒼𐓂 2unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-1*𐒼𐓂
mother's cousin (mother's mother's brother's daughter)*𐒼𐓂 4
mother's cousin (mother's mother's brother's daughter) (his/her)𐒻𐒼𐓂 9unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
mother's cousin (mother's mother's brother's daughter) (my)𐒻𐒼𐓂 10unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*𐒼𐓂
mother's cousin (mother's mother's brother's daughter) (your)𐓍𐒻𐒼𐓂 5unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-1*𐒼𐓂
N n
nephew (brother's son) (his/her)
nephew (brother's son, of a female)*π“Šπ“‚π“‡π’Όπ’° 3
nephew (brother's son, of a male)*π““π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’· 2
nephew (sister's son, of a female)*π““π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’· 3
nephew (sister's son, of a male)*π“Šπ“‚π“‡π’Όπ’° 2
nephew (wife's brother's son)*π“Šπ“‚π“‡π’Όπ’° 1
niece (brother's daughter, of a male)*π““π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’· 2
niece (brother's daughter, of a male) (his)π’»π““π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’· 2unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π““π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’·
niece (sister's daughter, of a female)*π““π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’· 3
niece (sister's daughter, of a female) (her)π’»π““π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’· 3unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π““π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’·
niece (sister's daughter, of a male)*π“Šπ’»π““π“‚ 2
niece (sister's daughter, of a male) (his)π’»π“Šπ’»π““π“‚ 2unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π“Šπ’»π““π“‚
noise
not (negative, negator)𐒰𐓓𐒻
not anything but𐓁𐒰1 5
not anything else than𐓁𐒰1 4
not have something any longerπ“π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’·1 4
O o
obey, follow, or keep true to someone's word𐒻𐒷 𐓂𐓄𐓇𐒷unspec. comp. form of𐒻𐒷𐓂𐓄𐓇𐒷
on or with one's foot or feetπ“π’°Ν˜- 1
on the way or path to a certain pointπ“ˆπ’°π’Ήπ’°1 2
one's own (suus prefixobject belongs to or is related to the subject)𐒼𐒻𐒼-1
only to a limited degree or barely representative amountπ“ˆπ“‚2 3
ooze, as pus from a boil
open (e.g., a door, a window, the lid on a box)π“π“Žπ’°π“’π’·unspec. comp. form ofπ“π“Ž-
open, as one's eyes or arms𐒰𐒼𐒰𐒴𐒰
Osage (tribe, tribal member, or language)𐓏𐒰𐓓𐒰𐓓𐒷
P p
pass something to someone (e.g., at the table)𐒼'π“Ž 3
path
patter, as rain𐓐𐒷2 2
Pawnee (tribe or tribal member)π“„π’°π“π’»Ν˜ 2
pawpaw (the plant, not the fruit)π’Ήπ’»Ν˜π“Šπ’· π’Ήπ“Žunspec. comp. form ofπ’Ήπ“Ž1Asimina triloba
personal characteristics𐓂𐒼'π’°Ν˜ 10
place at which𐓂- 2
place inside ofπ“‚π’Ώπ’°Ν˜ 2unspec. comp. form of𐓂-
place onπ’°π’Ώπ’°Ν˜ 2unspec. comp. form of𐒰-2
place vertically againstπ’°π’Ώπ’°Ν˜ 1unspec. comp. form of𐒰-2
plant or sow (e.g., seed in the ground)π“‚π““π“Ž 4
pluralizer of 1st or 2nd persons ('we', 'us', 'you')-𐒰𐓄𐒻 1
pluralizer of 3rd person-𐒰𐓄𐒻 3
pluralizer of imperative-𐒰𐓄𐒻 2
ponytails (two sections of hair, one gathered from left and one from right side of the head, bound close to the scalp, and hanging loosely)π’Ήπ’·π“π“‚Ν˜π“„π’° 2unspec. comp. form of𐒹𐒷1π“π“‚Ν˜π“„π’°
positional article for a plural entity in nonrandom arrangement𐓄𐒷1
positional article for a singular animate standing entity (usually not the subject of a verb describing action)π“ˆπ“π’°Ν˜ 3
positional article for a singular moving entity𐓍𐒷1 1
positional article for dispersed, scattered, or randomly located entities (modifies noun or noun phrase)𐒼𐒷2 1
positional article for plural nonsubject𐓄𐒰4
positional article for plural sitting nonsubjects (those that would take thiⁿkshe when singular)π“Šπ’·1 4
positional article for standing inanimate singular nonsubject (also used for intangible entitiese.g., heart attack, song, pain)π“Šπ’·1 3
possessive morpheme*π“ˆπ’°
pour or serve liquids or small solids such as beansπ“‚π““π“Ž 2
pray for someone or somethingπ“π’°π“ˆπ’° 2unspec. comp. form of𐓏𐒰-3π“ˆπ’°3
punch or saw off a piece of an objectreferring to what was never stuck on, but was always part of the object𐓄𐒰𐓇𐓄𐒷2 1unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1*𐓇𐓄𐒷
push someone or something steadily (making the person or object move along)𐓄𐒰𐓐𐓂𐓏𐒷 2unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1𐓐𐓂𐓏𐒷
push to awaken or make active𐓄𐒰𐓐𐒻 1unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1
put intoπ“‚π’Ώπ’°Ν˜ 1unspec. comp. form of𐓂-
put onπ’°π’Ώπ’°Ν˜ 3unspec. comp. form of𐒰-2
Q q
R r
reflexive prefixoneself, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves𐒼𐒻𐒼-2 1
reflexive prefix with benefactive interpretationfor oneself, for myself, for yourself, for himself, for herself, for itself, for ourselves, for yourselves, for themselves𐒼𐒻𐒼-2 2
related to the ground or the earthπ“€π’°Ν˜1
remove, as from officeπ“‚Ν˜π“π’· 4
remove, take down (e.g., from a shelf or the back of a truck)π“π“Žπ“π“„π’°π“π’»Ν˜ 2unspec. comp. form ofπ“π“Ž-
right there where you areπ“‡π’·π“π“‚Ν˜ 2unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒷2
road, highway, thoroughfare, route, path, pathway, orbitπ“‚π““π’°Ν˜π’Όπ’·
roar or patter frequently𐓐𐒷𐓐𐒷 1unspec. comp. form of𐓐𐒷2
roar, as running water𐓐𐒷2 1
room (in the sense of an unoccupied area)π“‚π’Όπ’°Ν˜1 2
rough (e.g., chapped hands or any rough surface)𐓐𐒰𐓐𐒰𐒼𐒰
round, as a pencil, stove pipe, etc.𐒴𐓂𐒼𐒰 14
rounded and somewhat squat𐒡𐒰𐓄𐒰 2
run, flow or emerge from (as a liquid)π“†π“ˆπ“‚π“π’·
rustle repeatedly𐓐𐒷𐓐𐒷 2unspec. comp. form of𐓐𐒷2
S s
say the name of something or someoneπ“π’°π“Šπ’·2 3unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒰-1
score or point(s) in a game𐓄𐒰𐓒𐓂2 2
sentence-final marker for command to singular addressee𐓍𐒻2
set out on or undertake a new task under one's chargeπ“‚π’Όπ’°π“‡π’°Ν˜2 4
set up a householdπ“Šπ’»π’Ώπ’·1 4unspec. comp. form ofπ“Šπ’»1
set up housekeepingπ“Šπ’»π’Ώπ’·1 5unspec. comp. form ofπ“Šπ’»1
shiny and smooth (as a lake surface)π“‡π“ˆπ’°π’Ήπ’° 1
show someone how to do somethingπ’Όπ“‚Ν˜π“’π’·1 2
sign of possibility𐓆𐒼𐒰2 3
sing dancing songs
sister (older, of a female)*π““π“‚Ν˜π’°
sister (older, of a female) (her)π’»π““π“‚Ν˜π’°unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π““π“‚Ν˜π’°
sister-in-law (brother's wife, of a male)*π’Ήπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’° 2
sister-in-law (brother's wife, of a male) (his)π’»π’Ήπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’° 2unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π’Ήπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’°
sister-in-law (husband's sister, older or younger) (her)π“‡π’»π’Όπ“π’°Ν˜ 3
sister-in-law (wife's sister)*π’Ήπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’° 1
sitting singular animate or inanimate positional article (follows a noun or pronoun [usually not the subject of a sentence] that represents a singular sitting entity or singular round entity)π“π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“‡π’· 1
skin of a person or animalπ“π“Žπ’Ήπ’° 1
skin of an animal𐒹𐒰1 8
skirt with ribbon work or other decorationsπ“π’°π“Šπ’·1 2unspec. comp. form of𐓏𐒰-3
skirting the edge (such as cows around a pond)𐒰𐒼𐒻𐓐𐒷 12
skirting the edge of something𐒰𐒼𐒻𐓐𐒷 14
sleep on
slivers or small strips of anythingπ’Ήπ’»Ν˜2 5
small amount of somethingπ““π’»Ν˜ 2unspec. var. ofπ““π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’°
smell from heating or body heatπ“ˆπ’°π’΄π’°Ν˜ 1unspec. comp. form ofπ“ˆπ’°-π’΄π’°Ν˜
smoothed out (e.g., icing on a cake, a fabric or tablecloth lying flat on a surface, but not a blanket on a bed or pallet)𐒴𐒰𐓍𐒰 4
solicit, petition, or beg for something from someoneπ“π’°π“ˆπ’° 5unspec. comp. form of𐓏𐒰-3π“ˆπ’°3
something with𐓏𐒷-unspec. comp. form of𐓏𐒰-3𐒻-1
son-in-law (daughter's husband)*π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜π“Šπ’·
son-in-law (daughter's husband) (his/her)π’»π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜π“Šπ’·unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜π“Šπ’·
son's wife
spade, spades (suit in a deck of cards)π’Ήπ’°π“€π’°Ν˜π“†π’»
speak a language𐒻𐒷 8
spread, spread out, as a cloth𐓍𐒻𐒴𐒰unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-3
squashed, deflated (e.g., an object that formerly contained something)π“ˆπ“‚π““π’· 2
stab a person or animal, running the knife or spear to the hilt, making a thud𐓄𐒰𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷 2unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1𐓄𐓐𐓂𐒼𐒷
staff used at peyote meetingsπ“€π’°Ν˜2 2
stoop over (a little)𐓄𐒰𐒼'𐓂 2unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1
stoop over (as to touch one's toes)π“„π’°π“Š'π’»Ν˜ 1
stop, cause to stop (e.g., a motor or something engaged in an activity)π“π’°Ν˜π““π’»Ν˜ 8
straight or flat, as the top or edge of a box's side, the narrow edge of a plank, etc.𐒴𐒰𐓐𐒷 3
straight, as a line on a stove-pipe, or other long cylindrical body𐒴𐒰𐓆𐒼𐒰 3
straight, as the hypotenuse of an inclined plane, or the side of a hillπ’΄π’°π’΄π’°π“Šπ’· 1
strike, beat, or hit an objectπ“‚π“Šπ’»Ν˜
subject marker (follows a subject [singular or plural that is moving or is not present with speaker)𐒰𐓄𐒰2 1
subject marker (follows a subject [singular or plural] that is not moving, including dead nonhuman animates [apa is used for dead humans] and is present with speaker or is an abstract entity)𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒰2 1
suffer fromπ“‚Ν˜1 1
suppurate
T t
tail dancer at Osage War Dancesπ“†π’»Ν˜π“Šπ’· 3
take as a sexual partnerπ“π“Žπ“π’·1 4unspec. comp. form ofπ“π“Ž-
take care of or handle something specific for someoneπ“‚π’Όπ’°π“‡π’°Ν˜2 1
take charge of, undertake, supervise or have the responsibility for something specific in response to a formal request (e.g., taking care of the food for an event)π“‚π’Όπ’°π“‡π’°Ν˜2 2
take hold of someone's body partπ“‚π“π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’· 6
take someone's side (as an attorney at law argues on behalf of a client)𐒰𐒼𐒻𐒷 5unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒻𐒼-2
talk for or against𐒰𐒼𐒻𐒷 1unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒻𐒼-2
talk up or talk down, as when expressing one's emotions with respect to some topic𐒰𐒼𐒻𐒷 2unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒻𐒼-2
teach something to someoneπ’Όπ“‚Ν˜π“’π’·1 1
tell (e.g., news, stories)𐓂𐓍𐒰𐒼𐒷1 1unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒰-1
terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departingπ“π’°Ν˜π““π’»Ν˜ 6
test entry 1
test entry 2
that (near you)𐓇𐒷1
that one (thing or person in motion or deceased) near you𐓇𐒻 𐒰𐓄𐒰 1unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒻1𐒰𐓄𐒰2
that one (thing or person not in motion) near you𐓇𐒻 𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒰 1unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒻1𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒰2
that one moving (animate or inanimate)𐓇𐒷 𐓍𐒷unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒷2𐓍𐒷1
that one near you𐓇𐒷2 6
that one standing (inanimate)𐓇𐒷 π“Šπ’· 1unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒷2π“Šπ’·1
that person thereπ“‡π’·π“π“‚Ν˜ 3unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒷2
that, the aforesaid𐓍𐒷1 3
the (abstract object)π“Šπ’·1 2
the (sitting curvilinear object)π“π’°Ν˜
the (standing inanimate or animate object)π“Šπ’·1 1
the most recent (used of units of time)π“Šπ’·3 2
the one moving subject𐒰𐓄𐒰2 3
the reclining animate object𐒼𐓇𐒷 1
the sign of the plural subject of an action performed of their own accord, and not by request or permission of another𐒰𐓄𐒰2 2
the singular or collective subject of an action, which is performed of his or her own accord, and not by request or permission of another𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒰2 3
the sound produced by the striking of a bellπ’Όπ’°π“€π’°Ν˜ 3
the standing animate objectπ“ˆπ“π’°Ν˜ 2
the third daughter (special kinship term)𐓆𐒻𐒼𐒷 2
them
there (closer to the hearer than to the speaker)𐓇𐒷2 3
there near you𐓇𐒷2 2
there where you areπ“‡π’·π“π“‚Ν˜ 1unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒷2
third person sitting continuative aspect markerπ“π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“‡π’· 8
this one (animate or inanimate [may apply to abstract entities], emphatic or expressing certainty or immediacy)𐒼𐒰 5
those ones (in motion or deceased) there (near you)𐓇𐒻 𐒰𐓄𐒰 2unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒻1𐒰𐓄𐒰2
those things (sitting or round items)𐓇𐒷 π“Šπ’· 2unspec. comp. form of𐓇𐒷2π“Šπ’·1
through (an action represented by the verb stem)𐒻-1 4
through (direction)𐒹𐒰2 1
tip or point of an objectπ“„π’°π“†π“Ž1
to (something upright or vertical, singular)π“Šπ’»3 2
Tonkawa (tribe or tribal member)𐓏𐒰𐓍𐒰𐓁𐒻
topple (as a tree topples)𐓐𐒻𐓍𐒰1 7
touch with the fingersπ“„π’°π“†π“„π’°Ν˜ 1unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1
U u
uncle (father's brother)*π“π’°π“Šπ’· 2
uncle (father's sister's husband)*π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’Ήπ’° 1
uncle (father's sister's husband) (his/her)π’»π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’Ήπ’° 1unspec. comp. form of𐒻-2*π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’Ήπ’°
uncle (mother's brother)*π“Šπ’·π’Όπ’»
uncle-in-law (wife's maternal uncle)*π“Šπ’»π’Όπ“‚ 7
upon (used in numbers)π’°π’Ώπ’»Ν˜ 6unspec. comp. form of𐒰-2π’Ώπ’»Ν˜
us (on verbs)𐓏𐒰-1
use a name for something or someoneπ“π’°π“Šπ’·2 7unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒰-1
used for respect with deceased persons even if present (akxa is used with animals)𐒰𐓄𐒰2 1
V v
valence reducer𐓏𐒰-3 1
W w
wad up or wad together (e.g., clothing at the back of the neck)𐓍𐒻𐓆𐒼𐒻1 3unspec. comp. form of𐓍𐒻-3
warm (e.g., clothing, a houseπ“‡π“Šπ“Žπ“Šπ’·2
wash (e.g., dishes, parts of the body, food items, a car)π“π“Žπ““π’° 2unspec. comp. form ofπ“π“Ž-
watch over, tend (someone who is not a family member or not close)π’°π’Όπ’»π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜π“„π’·3unspec. comp. form of𐒼𐒻-1π’°π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜π“„π’·
watch, tend, take care of (e.g., some entity, such as a baby or a purse, or some process, such as cookingπ’°π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜π“„π’· 2unspec. comp. form of𐒰-2π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜π“„π’·
we (on adjectives)𐓏𐒰-2
wear on the head, put on the head, don as a hatπ“‚π’Ώπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’·2 1
well (often precedes a statement or command)𐒹𐒰3
western tribe or tribal member (refers to any tribe from the western United States)π“„π’°π“π’»Ν˜ 4
what kind, what sort, what type, what class of (interrogative)π“ˆπ’°π“ˆπ’°Ν˜1 7
what, whatever (indefinite or relative)π“ˆπ’°π“ˆπ’°Ν˜1 6
wheat bread
when, upon a certain event𐓍𐒰𐒹𐒰 1
wherein (a certain thing takes place)𐓂- 4
wide and smooth, as a prairie𐒴𐒰𐓍𐒰 3
wobble or teeter (e.g., a glass when jarred or bumped)π“†π’»π“†π’»π’°Ν˜π“π’· 3
wrap one's arms aroundπ’°π“Šπ’· 4
write something or make one's mark upon something𐓄𐒰𐒿𐒷𐓒𐒷1 3unspec. comp. form of𐓄𐒰-1𐒿𐒷𐓒𐒷
Y y
you (object)𐓍𐒻-2
you are (a certain way)π“‡π“Šπ’»Ν˜unspec. comp. form of𐓇-π“π’»Ν˜1
you are characterized by [the preceding expression, which may be a noun phrase]π“π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“‡π’· 2
you are/were a certain way or a certain thingπ“π’»Ν˜3 2
you are/were characterized by a qualityπ“π’»Ν˜3 4
you live(d) or exist(ed) asπ“π’»Ν˜3 3
Z z
zenithπ“€π’°Ν˜π“‡π’» 3