Osage to English Dictionary
π°
π° πΌπ°Ν ππ°ΝπΌπ°AH kahβΏ TAHβΏ-kah1muscle of the arm or forelegunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΌπ°Ν ππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ°ΝπΌπ°
π°πΉπ»ah-HEE1reach there, not his home, or for the first timeFor motion verbs, the initial a- is rarely used on first- or second-person forms, and is often omitted with third-person subject.cfπ°πΉπ2π°πΌππ»π°πΎππ°πΏπ·2unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-1π°ππ·π°πΏπ»π°ππ»2π°ππ·
π°πΉπ2ah-HOOah-HΓ1be coming to this place, not his home, or for the first timeFor motion verbs, the initial a- is rarely used on first- or second-person forms, and is often omitted with third-person subject.cfπ°πΉπ»π°πΌππ»π°πΎππ°πΏπ·2unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-1π°ππ·π°πΏπ»π°ππ»2π°ππ·
π°πΉπ ππ°Νππ»ΝAH-hoo MAHβΏ-theeβΏ1turkey cockunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΉπ1ππ°Νππ»Ν
π°πΉππ°πΏπ»ΝAH-hoo-AH-leeβΏ1angelwings uponunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΉπ1π°πΏπ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2πΏπ»Ν
π°πΌπ°πΉπ°ππ»ΝAH-gah-hah-meeβΏunspec. var.π°πΌπ°πΉπ°ππ»1coat2capeunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΌπ°πΉπ°ππ»Ν3
π°πΌπ°πΉπ°ππ°AH-gah-hah-tah1outside of a certain area2on the outside3on the outskirts of4in the surroundings of5on the other side (of a perimeter)6afterward7after the present event8in the future9hereafter10off the record11outside of the main events or activity and in secret12isolated from13socially distant fromunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΌπ°πΉπ°ππ°4
π°πΌπ°πππ·2AH-gah-speh1put over2put upon3cover (as with cloth or blanket)4cover with dirt (as a grave)5cover over6cover upunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2
π°ΝπΌπ°πππ°ΝAHβΏ-kah-txahβΏ1we who2we who standunspec. comp. form ofπ°Ν-3πππ°Ν
π°πΌπ»π°ππ°Νππ»AH-kee-ah-sahβΏ-dsee1put each other to a testunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-2π°ππ°Νππ»
π°πΌπ»π·AH-kee-eh1talk for or against2talk up or talk down, as when expressing one's emotions with respect to some topic3take up for4argue on behalf of5take someone's side (as an attorney at law argues on behalf of a client)unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-2
π°πΌπ»πΌπ»π·AH-kee-kee-eh1contend with or compete with one another2compete withunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-2π°πΌπ»π·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-2
π°πΌπ»πΏπ»Νah-KEE-leeβΏ1have for oneself2have as one's ownQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 10) that this term is "sometimes used with suus semantics."unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-2π°πΏπ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2πΏπ»Ν
π°πΌπ»πππAH-gee-sdohah-GEE-sdoh1trial2hearing3legal proceedingunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2
π°πΌπ»ππ°AH-kee-dah1law enforcement2police3army4armed forces5soldier6armed preson7officer8grenadier
π°πΌπ»ππ° ππ°Νππ»ΝAH-kee-dah NAHβΏ-zheeβΏ1soldierunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°Νππ»Ν
π°πΌπ»ππΝππ·1AH-gee-dohβΏ-beh1watch over, look after, look at (one's own things or people)transitive verb2watch over, look after, look at one's ownintransitive verbunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-1π°ππΝππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππΝππ·
π°πΌπ»ππΝππ·2AH-kee-dohβΏ-beh1watch over oneself2watch oneself3look at oneself4look after oneself5watch over each other6watch over things for oneself7watch over one's own thingsQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 10) that this term is "sometimes used as transitive with suus semantics."unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-2π°ππΝππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππΝππ·
π°πΌπ»ππΝππ·3AH-gee-dohβΏ-beh1watch over, tend (someone who is not a family member or not close)unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»-1π°ππΝππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππΝππ·
π°πΌπ»ππ·AH-gee-xeh1move aroundtransitive verb2be all aroundtransitive verb3encircle a place or a person (especially in an annoying way)transitive verb4be around, especially in a bothersome wayintransitive verb5pass byverb6circle around (as in a tipi meeting: 'go clear around', avoiding the center)verb7go table hoppingintransitive verb8table hopintransitive verb9hang aroundintransitive verb10be around closeintransitive verb11be arrayed around, as when making a path aroundintransitive verb12skirting the edge (such as cows around a pond)intransitive verb13around (e.g., the edge of a pond)14skirting the edge of something
π°πΌπΝAH-kohβΏ1armbandcfπ°ππ»ππΏπ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΌπΝunspec. var. ofπΌπ°Ν
π°ΝπΌπ π°ΝπΌπ°πππ°ΝahβΏ-KOH AHβΏ-kah-txahβΏarch. var.π°ΝπΌπ π°ΝπΌπ°πππ°Ν1we who standunspec. comp. form ofπ°ΝπΌπ°πππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°Ν-3πππ°Ν
π°ΝπΌπ ππΌπ»ππ°ΝAHβΏ-koh SHGEE-dahβΏarch. var.π°ΝπΌπ ππΌπ»ππ°Ν1we too, or for our partMalecfπ°ΝπΌπππ»ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππΌπ»ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππΌπ»
π°πΌπΝπΏπ·AH-kohβΏ-lehunspec. var.π°πΌπΝπΏπ°1braceletunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΌπΝunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΌπΝ
π°ΝπΌπππ°ahβΏ-KOH-dah1we (emphatic)2us (emphatic)cfπ°ΝπΌππ·π·2ππ»π·ππ»π·
π°ΝπΌπππ»ππ°ΝAHβΏ-koh-ZHEE-dahβΏarch. var.π°ΝπΌπππ»ππ°Ν1we too, or for our partFemalecfπ°ΝπΌπ ππΌπ»ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππΌπ»ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»ππ°Ν
π°πΌππ»ah-KSHEE1reach there again2reach there, his homecfπ°πΉπ»π°πΉπ2π°πΎππ°πΏπ·2unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-1π°ππ·π°πΏπ»π°ππ»2π°ππ·
π°πΌππ°1ah-KXAH1continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 3rd person singular or plural nonmoving subject that is present with speaker2he/she/it is characterized by, they are characterized by [the immediately preceding word or phrase, which may be a noun phrase]cfπ°ππ°1
π°πΌππ°2ah-KXAH1subject marker (follows a subject [singular or plural] that is not moving, including dead nonhuman animates [apa is used for dead humans] and is present with speaker or is an abstract entity)2generic noun subject marker3the singular or collective subject of an action, which is performed of his or her own accord, and not by request or permission of anothercfπ°ππ°2
π°πΎπah-KYOO1be coming home, or back to this place, not his homecfπ°πΉπ»π°πΉπ2π°πΌππ»π°πΏπ·2unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-1π°ππ·π°πΏπ»π°ππ»2π°ππ·
π°πΏπ°ΝAH-lahβΏarch. var.π°πΌππ°Ν1place vertically against2place on3put on4place a curvilinear object, garment, book, etc., on something elsecfπ°πΏπ·1unspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππΏπ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ-ππΏπ·2unspec. comp. form ofπ-unspec. comp. form ofπ°-2
π°πΏπ·1AH-leharch. var.π°πΌππ·1place an item upright on another item2set on (e.g., set a kettle on a fire)3place on top of another in an upright position4place a standing inanimate object or a collection of objects on top of something elsecfπ°πΏπ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππΏπ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ-ππΏπ·2unspec. comp. form ofπ-unspec. comp. form ofπ°-2
π°πΏπ·2ah-LEHarch. var.πΌππ·1start homeward from this place2go homewardDorsey notes that this is a possessive of the.For motion verbs, the initial a- is rarely used on first- or second-person forms, and is often omitted with third-person subject.cfπ°πΉπ»π°πΉπ2π°πΌππ»π°πΎππ°πΏπ»π°ππ»2π°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-1π°ππ·
π°πΏπ»ah-LEEarch. var.πΌππ»1to have come back or homeFor motion verbs, the initial a- is rarely used on first- or second-person forms, and is often omitted with third-person subject.cfπ°πΉπ»π°πΉπ2π°πΌππ»π°πΎππ°πΏπ·2unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-1π°ππ·π°ππ»2π°ππ·
π°πΏπ»ΝAH-leeβΏ1sit ontransitive verb2sit upontransitive verb3ride ontransitive verb4chairnoun5seatnoun6upon (used in numbers)This term is used as a connector to express numbers 11 through 19.cfπ·ππ»1πΌπ°ππΝππΏπ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ-πΏπ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2πΏπ»Ν
π°πΏπ»Νπππ·AH-leeβΏ-sdseh1sofa2couch3divan4chaise loungelong chairunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΏπ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2πΏπ»Νπππ·cont. var. ofπππ·ππ·
π°πΏπ»Νππ·ππ·AH-leeβΏ-tseh-theh1wheelchairunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΏπ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2πΏπ»Νππ·ππ·1
π°ππ°ΝπΌ'πΝAH-nahβΏ-k'ohβΏ1listen to2listen3heedunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππ°ΝπΌ'πΝ
π°ππ°ΝπΌππΌπ·AH-nahβΏ-KOH-geharch. var.π°ππ°ΝπΌππΌπ·1porchthud upon by action of the feetunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππ°Ν-πΌππΌπ·
π°ππ°1ah-BAH1continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 3rd person singular or plural moving or absent subject2he/she/it is characterized by, they are characterized by (the immediately preceding word or phrase, which may be a noun phrase)cfπ°πΌππ°1
π°ππ°2ah-BAH1subject marker (follows a subject [singular or plural that is moving or is not present with speaker); used for respect with deceased persons even if present (akxa is used with animals)2the sign of the plural subject of an action performed of their own accord, and not by request or permission of another3the one moving subjectcfπ°πΌππ°2
π°ππ»ππΏπ°ΝAH-bee-oh-lahβΏ1armbandcfπ°πΌπΝunspec. comp. form ofπ°πΌπΝ
π°ππππ·AH-boo-xeh1boil, as food boils when cooking2foam upThis term refers to something boiling (i.e., "the water is boiling"), not the act of boiling something (i.e., I am boiling it.").
π°ππ»ΝπΌπ°ah-SEEβΏ-kahunspec. var.π°ππ»ΝπΌπ°1daughter (third) (my)2daughter (third) (your)3daughter (third) (his/her)4daughter (third)cfπ°ππ»ππ»Νππ»ππ°ππ»πΌπ·ππ°πΌ'πππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌβπππ°πΌ'πππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌβπππ°Ν2ππ»πΉπ·
π°ππ»ππ°ah-SEE-pahunspec. var.π°ππ»ππ±1sister (baby) (my)2daughter (baby) (my)3daughter (baby) (your)4daughter (baby) (his/her)FemaleQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 18) that this term "Does not use the inalienable possessive prefixes." By that she means the i-, thi-, and wi- prefixes.cfπ°ππ»ππ° π»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ°ππ»ππ°π»ππ°1π°ππ»ππ° ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ°ππ»ππ°ππ»ππ°
π°ππ»ππ° π»ππ°ah-SEE-pah EE-tahunspec. var.π°ππ»ππ± π»ππ°1sister (baby) (his/her)2daughter (baby) (his/her)Femalecfπ°ππ»ππ°π°ππ»ππ° ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ°ππ»ππ°ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ°ππ»ππ°π»ππ°1unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°
π°ππ»ππ° ππ»ππ°ah-SEE-pah THEE-tahunspec. var.π°ππ»ππ± ππ»ππ°1sister (baby) (your)2daughter (baby) (your)Femalecfπ°ππ»ππ°π°ππ»ππ° π»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ°ππ»ππ°π»ππ°1unspec. comp. form ofπ°ππ»ππ°ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°
π°ππ»ππ»Νah-SEE-zheeβΏ1daughter (fourth and beyond) (my)2daughter (fourth and beyond) (your)3daughter (fourth and beyond) (his/her)4daughter (fourth and sebsequent daughters)cfπ°ππ»ΝπΌπ°ππ»ππ°ππ°πΌ'πππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌβπππ°πΌ'πππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌβπππ°Ν2ππ»πΉπ·
π°ππ°πΌπ°ΝAH-dah-kahβΏunspec. var.π°ππ°πΌπ²1lamp2lightunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2
π°ππ°πΌπ°Ν ππ·πΏπ» ππ»ππ»AH-dah-kahβΏ WEH-lee NEE-nee1oil welllamp + oil + spring, wellunspec. comp. form ofπ°ππ°πΌπ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππ·πΏπ»ππ»ππ»2unspec. comp. form ofππ»1ππ»ππ»1
π°ππΝππ·AH-dohβΏ-beh1watch over2watch, tend, take care of (e.g., some entity, such as a baby or a purse, or some process, such as cookingunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππΝππ·
π°πππ°ΝAH-txahβΏunspec. var.π°πΌππ°Ν1tread on2tread on it3bring down the foot on paper, etc., to keep it from being blown awayunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2
π°ππ»2ah-TSEE1to have come to this place, not his home, or for the first timeFor motion verbs, the initial a- is rarely used on first- or second-person forms, and is often omitted with third-person subject.cfπ°πΉπ»π°πΉπ2π°πΌππ»π°πΎππ°πΏπ·2unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-1π°ππ·π°πΏπ»π°ππ·
π°ππ·ah-THEH1goQuintero notes on page 5 of her dictionary, "This verb is rarely used in imperatives (maβΏthiβΏ is preferred)."For motion verbs, the initial a- is rarely used on first- or second-person forms, and is often omitted with third-person subject.cfπ°πΉπ»π°πΉπ2π°πΌππ»π°πΎππ°πΏπ·2unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-1π°ππ·π°πΏπ»π°ππ»2
π°ππ»Νπ°ππ°Νah-THEEβΏ-AH-zhahβΏ1copulate with2lay3have intercourse withcfππunspec. comp. form ofπ°ππ»Ν1π°ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππ°Ν1
π°ππ»ππ°ΝAH-thee-dahβΏ1close by pulling2pull to3shutunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππ»ππ°Ν1unspec. comp. form ofππ»-3
π°πππππ°πΌπ·AH-thΓΌ-sdah-geh1bind or bandage, as a limbunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππ-
π°ππππ·AH-thoo-xehunspec. var.π°ππ»ππ·1marry, get married to, take as a husband (gender-specific term)unspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππππ·1unspec. comp. form ofππ-
π°ππ°ππΝπ΄π·AH-wah-nohβΏ-breh1tableunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππ°ππΝπ΄π·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-3ππΝπ΄π·
π°ππ°ΝAH-zhahβΏ1lie downintransitive verb2bednouncfπππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ-ππ°Ν1unspec. comp. form ofπ°-2ππ°Ν1
π°ππ»ah-ZHEEunspec. var.ππ»11not (negative, negator)If this term follows a word ending in -e, this term's beginning letter a- usually replaces the -e and merges with the previous term.
π²
π²ππ°ππah-EEβΏ-bah-xoh1copperhead2Arapahoover the mountaincfπΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·1πΉπ»Νππ°πΉπππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ1ππ°ΝπΌπ°πΌπ°Νππ·ππππΌππΌπ·ππ° πππΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°1πππΌπ°1ππ°ππ»Νππ°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°3ππππ·ππΝπΌπ°ππ°πΌπ» πΉπunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ°πΌπ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ°πΌπ»ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ»Ν 7ππ°πΉπ°Νππ°πΌπ·2ππ°πΏπ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ»Νππ»πΌπ°ππ·ππ»ππππ°ππ° ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»πΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ·ππ°πππΏπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°ππ1
π΄
π΄π°ΝbrahβΏunspec. var.π΄π°1arch. var.πππ°Ν1smellintransitive verbThe idea of smell here refers to giving off a smell/odor, not the act of smelling something.2emanate an odorintransitive verb3give off a fragranceintransitive verb4emit or exhale an odorintransitive verb5smellnoun6odornoun7scentnoun
π΄π°π΄π°ππ·brah-BRAH-dseharch. var.πππ°πππ°ππ·1straight, as the hypotenuse of an inclined plane, or the side of a hill2sloping, as a hill
π΄π°π΄π°ππ·BRAH-brah-zeharch. var.πππ°πππ°ππ·1torn in several places2chapped, as the hands, face, etc.This term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."unspec. comp. form ofπ΄π°ππ·
π΄π°πΌ'π°BRAH-k'aharch. var.πππ°πΌ'π°1flat2flat, as a chair bottom, the broad surface of a board, etc.3flat boardcfπ΄π°ππΌπ°π΄π°ππΌπ°π΄π°ππ°π΄πππΌπ°
π΄π°ππΌπ°BRAH-sgaharch. var.πππ°ππΌπ°1flat2level3straight, as a line on a stove-pipe, or other long cylindrical body4rounded and longcfπ΄π°πΌ'π°π΄π°ππΌπ°π΄π°ππ°π΄πππΌπ°
π΄π°ππΌπ°BRAH-shgaharch. var.πππ°ππΌπ°1having a flat surface in the middle, with the edges rounded and curving downward, as a door knob, or the top of a hat (convex objects)cfπ΄π°πΌ'π°π΄π°ππΌπ°π΄π°ππ°π΄πππΌπ°
π΄π°ππ°BRAH-thahunspec. var.π΄π°ππ·arch. var.πππ°ππ°1broad2wide3wide and smooth, as a prairie4smoothed out (e.g., icing on a cake, a fabric or tablecloth lying flat on a surface, but not a blanket on a bed or pallet)5having a flat surface in the middle, with the edges rounded and curving upward, as in a plate or other concave objectscfπ΄π°πΌ'π°π΄π°ππΌπ°π΄π°ππΌπ°π΄πππΌπ°
π΄π°ππ·BRAH-xeharch. var.πππ°ππ·1edgenoun2edging (e.g., a fabric or ribbon sewn around the edges of a blanket or garment)noun3straight or flat, as the top or edge of a box's side, the narrow edge of a plank, etc.adjective
π΄π·ππ°Νππ°breh-ZAHβΏ-thahunspec. var.π΄π·ππ°ππ°Νarch. var.πππ·ππ°ππ°Νπππ·ππ°Νππ°1drooping, languid, as one who has not recovered his strength after sickness2as applied to vegetation, it means withered and fallen over, past recovery
π΄π»Ν1breeβΏunspec. var.π°ππ»Νπ΄π»Νπ·1I am2I was3I am characterized by (e.g., I have a certain condition)4I am present5I was presentcfππ»Ν2unspec. comp. form ofπ΄-ππ»Ν1
π΄π»Ν2breeβΏarch. var.πππ»Ν1scatter right and left, as wet wheat or corn, by pushing with a shovel or pitchfork: this is done to dry it
π΄ππΌπ°BROH-gaharch. var.ππππΌπ°1in bulk (e.g., a purchase of fruit, coffee, or kerosene)2wholesale3in large quantities4overall5undivided6by the yard (fabrics)7in large pieces, not merely pieces of some item but the entire item (cooking)8it its entirety9fully10whole11entire12complete13dollarnoun14round, as a pencil, stove pipe, etc.adjective15cylindrical, but not necessarily perpendicularadjective
π΄πππΌπ°BROO-sgah1flat, wadded upcfπ΄π°πΌ'π°π΄π°ππΌπ°π΄π°ππΌπ°π΄π°ππ°
π΅
π΅π°ππ°CHAH-pah1short2rounded and somewhat squat3short and smallQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 28) that this term is a diminutive of dapa.cfππ°ππ°ππ°ππ°
π΅π°ππ°ππ»ΝCHAH-pah-zheeβΏ1short and smallunspec. comp. form ofπ΅π°ππ°ππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°
π΅π·ππ·CHEH-zheh1pee-peeQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 28) that this term is a diminutive of dsezhe.cfππ·ππ·
π΅πππ°CHOH-bah1fewadjective2littleadjectiveThe idea of little here refers to a small amount, such as "a little coffee."3fewnoun4a small amount or numbernoun5a little bitnounQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 28) that this term is a diminutive of doba.
π΅πππ° π·πΌπΝ πΌπ°ππ·CHOH-bah EH-gohβΏ GAH-xehunspec. var.π΅πππ° πΌπ°ππ·1lessen2reduce3decreasemake small-likeThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.unspec. comp. form ofπ΅πππ°π·πΌπΝπΌπ°ππ·1
π΅πππ°ππ»ΝCHOH-bah-zheeβΏ1a very small amountnoun2very littleadjective3a fewadjectiveQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 28) that this term is a diminutive of choba.unspec. comp. form ofπ΅πππ°ππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°
π·
π·2eh13rd person emphatic or contrastive pronoun (that one, that person, she/her, he/him; those persons, them; this [pragmatically obvious] person or thing; the foregoing; she herself, he himself, they themselves)2he, she, it3thatcfπ°ΝπΌπππ°ππ»π·ππ»π·
π·πΌπΝEH-gohβΏunspec. var.π·πΌπ°Νarch. var.π·πΌπΝ1likeadverb2similar toadverb3like thatadverb4likewiseadverb5similarlyadverb6soadverb7be soverb8be so or likeverb9somewhatverbπΏπ°Νππ· π·πΌπΝsomewhat broad10a littleverb11resembleverbcfπΉπ°πΌπΝ
π·πΌπΝ ππΌπ°EH-gohβΏ sgah1I guess that's rightunspec. comp. form ofπ·πΌπΝππΌπ°2
π·πΌπΝ ππ°ππ·EH-gohβΏ thah-DSEH1say something right or correctlyThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.unspec. comp. form ofπ·πΌπΝππ°ππ·2unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1
π·ππ°eh-NAHEH-nah1be the only (one)intransitive verb2therefore3that's why4that only5enoughadjective
π·ππΌπ»ππ°Νeh-SHGEE-dahβΏ1he, she, it, or that too2he, for his partMalecfππ»ππΌπ»ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»3ππΌπ»ππ°Νππ»ππΌπ»ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»ππΌπ»ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ·2ππΌπ»ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππΌπ»
π·ππ°ππ°EH-dah-nahunspec. var.π·ππ°ππ°Νπ·ππ°Νππ°Ν1that is why2therefore3thus4so
π·ππ»1EH-dsee1and (in numbers only)2pluscfπ°πΏπ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2πΏπ»ΝπΌπ°ππΝ
π·ππ»2eh-DSEEEH-dsee1be present here/thereintransitive verb2exist here/thereintransitive verb3be at that timeintransitive verb4thereadverbππ»ππππ» π·ππ» ππ°ππ°ππ»Ν ππ°πππ°Νππ·Were you standing there yesterday?5in that placeadverb
πΉ
πΉπ°1hah1skin of any animal2bark of a tree3shell of nuts4cuticle5hide6rawhide7skin8skin of an animal9rind10fabric11cloth12barkcfπππΉπ°
πΉπ°2hah1through (direction)2along a path3in a direction4by way of5from6in different ways or places7so many in each place
πΉπ° πππΌπ°HAH shoh-GAHHAH SHOH-gah1thick skin2exoskeletonunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°1πππΌπ°
πΉπ°ΝπΌπ°HAHβΏ-kah1sacredadjective2holyadjective3bald eaglenoun4dark-plummed eaglenoun5earth division (of the Osage tribe)noun6innocence emblem in peace ceremony (a child)noun
πΉπ°ΝπΌπ° πΏπ·ππ·HAHβΏ-kah LEH-zheh1golden eagle when young2spotted eaglecfππ»ππππ»ππ°2arch. var. ofππππ°1ππππ°1unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°ΝπΌπ°πΏπ·ππ·
πΉπ°ΝπΌπ°ππ»HAHβΏ-kah-zheearch. var.π°ΝπΌπ°ππ»1no2not so with reference to him
πΉπ°πΌπΝhah-GOHβΏHAH-gohβΏ1how much2whatever3how4which way5be how6what7what is wrong with8in what manner?9why?10wherefore?cfπ·πΌπΝ
πΉπ°ππ°Νππ»HAH-mahβΏ-see1spade, spades (suit in a deck of cards)cfππ°ΝπΉπ»Νπππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°ΝπΉπ»Ν2ππ°πΉπ»1ππ· ππ°πΉπ°π'π°ππ»unspec. comp. form ofπ'π·π°ππ»ππ°Νππ·2
πΉπ°ππ°HAH-bah1corn2fresh corncfπΉπ°ππ° ππ°π'π·πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°ππ°ππ°πβπ·πΌπ·
πΉπ°Νππ° π»ππ°ππ·HAHβΏ-bah ee-TAH-xehunspec. var.πΉπΝππ° π»ππ°ππ·1the tip or beginning of dayunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°Νππ°π»ππ°ππ·
πΉπ°ππ° πππΌπ°HAH-bah thΓΌ-GAH1husk cornThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°ππ°πππΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ-
πΉπ°ππ° ππ°π'π·πΌπ°HAH-bah wah-ts'EH-gah1fresh corngentle corncfπΉπ°ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°ππ°ππ°πβπ·πΌπ·
πΉπ°Νππ°ππ°ΝHAHβΏ-bah-dahβΏ1during the day2dailyunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°Νππ°ππ°Ν1
πΉπ°ππΌπ°hah-SGAHunspec. var.πΉπ°ππΌπ°1shirt2dress3buckskin dress4clothes5clothing6fabric7cloth8material
πΉπ°ππ»Νππ·HAH-sheeβΏ-theh1inside outadjective2inside outadverbcfπππΉπ°ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ-
πΉπ°πππ°πΉπ°hah-SHDAH-hah1broadclothunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°1πππ°πΉπ°
πΉπ°πππ°ΝHAH-txahβΏhah-TXAHβΏunspec. var.πΉπ°πΌππ°ΝπΉπ°ππΌππ°Ν1how far2what distance3for how long?
πΉπ°πππ°Νππ°hah-TXAHβΏ-dahHAH-txahβΏ-dahunspec. var.πΉπ°πΌππ°Νππ°πΉπ°πΌππΝππ°πΉπ°ππΌππ°Νππ°1when in the future2what time in the futurecfπΉπ°πππ°Νππ»unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°πππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°πππ°Ν
πΉπ°πππ°Νππ»hah-TXAHβΏ-dseeHAH-txahβΏ-dseeunspec. var.πΉπ°πΌππ°Νππ»πΉπ°ππΌππ°Νππ»1when in the past2at what time in the pastcfπΉπ°πππ°Νππ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°πππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°πππ°Ν
πΉπ°ππ»HAH-tsee1all the time2every time3continually4repeatedly5alwayscfππ°Ν3πππ°Ν
πΉπ°ππ»Νhah-XEEβΏ1blanket (bed blanket or Pendleton-type wool blanket for wearing)cfππ»Ν3πππ»ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ-ππ»Ν3ππ°Ν1
πΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·hah-XEEβΏ-LEH-zheh-GAH-xeh1Navajo (tribe or tribal member)one who makes spotted/speckled/stippled [lezhe] blanketscfπ²ππ°ππunspec. comp. form ofππ°ππ1πΉπ»Νππ°πΉπππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ1ππ°ΝπΌπ°πΌπ°Νππ·ππππΌππΌπ·ππ° πππΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°1πππΌπ°1ππ°ππ»Νππ°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°3ππππ·ππΝπΌπ°ππ°πΌπ» πΉπunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ°πΌπ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ°πΌπ»ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ»Ν 7ππ°πΉπ°Νππ°πΌπ·2ππ°πΏπ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ»Νππ»πΌπ°ππ·ππ»ππππ°ππ° ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»πΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ·ππ°πππΏπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·1
πΉπ°ππHAH-zoo1purpleadjective2grapenoun3grapes, of any kindnouncfππππ· ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππππ·ππ°ππ·
πΉπ²ππ»ΝHAHβΏ-eeβΏ-neeβΏunspec. var.πΉπ°Νππ»πΉπ°Νππ»ΝπΉπ²ππ»1dark2darkness
πΉπ·πΉπ°πΉπ°heh-HAH-hahunspec. var.πΉπ·πΉπ°πΉπ±1breathe hard2pantcfπΉπ·πΉπ·
πΉπ·πΌπ°HEH-gah1buzzard2hawkcfπΏπ·ππΝπππΌπ° πππ»ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπππΌπ°πππ»ΝπΌπ·ππ°ππ»Νππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ°ππ»ΝπΌπ°ππ°Ν2
πΉπ·πππ·HEH-oh-dsehunspec. var.πΉπ»πππ·1monkeylooks for liceunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ·2πππ·
πΉπ·ππ·HEH-beh1a small amountadjective2approximately half a containeradjective3piecenoun4partnoun5somenoun6a bitnoun
πΉπ·ππ·ππ»ΝHEH-beh-zheeβΏ1a little piecenoun2a small amountnoun3a little bit (used with both count nouns and mass nouns)noun4a littleadverbunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ·ππ·ππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°
πΉπ·ππΝππ°HEH-thohβΏ-bah1braids2ponytails (two sections of hair, one gathered from left and one from right side of the head, bound close to the scalp, and hanging loosely)two hornsunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ·1ππΝππ°
πΉπ·πππ°HEH-xpah1bushy headnoun2frowzyadjective3unkemptadjective4fuzzyadjective5disheveled (e.g., having mussed or messed-up hair)adjective
πΉπ»Ν1heeβΏ1isn't it so (expression inserted between phrases, marking pauses, in certain speeches of early to mid-1900s, somewhat like French "n'est-ce pas?" or use of "you know?" by some English speakers
πΉπ»Ν2heeβΏunspec. var.πΉπ»3πΉπ»'π»ΝπΉπ21hair2whiskers3fur4fuzz as on a peach5slivers or small strips of anything6feathers
πΉπ» ππΌπ°ππ°πΌπ·hee OH-gah-shah-geharch. var.πΉπ» ππΌπ°ππ°πΌπ·1whatever gets between the teeth, as particles of food2anything which gets between the teeth, as particles of foodunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ»1
πΉπ» ππΌπ°ππ°πΌπ· π»ππ°πΌπππ·hee OH-gah-shah-geh EE-bah-goh-dseharch. var.πΉπ» ππΌπ°ππ°πΌπ· π»ππ°πΌπππ·1toothpickunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ» ππΌπ°ππ°πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ»1π»-1ππ°πΌπππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1
πΉπ» ππΌπ°ππ°πΌπ· ππ°πΌπππ·hee OH-gah-shah-geh bah-GOH-dseharch. var.πΉπ» ππΌπ°ππ°πΌπ· ππ°πΌπππ·1pick the teethThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ» ππΌπ°ππ°πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ»1ππ°πΌπππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1
πΉπ»Ν ππππ·HEEβΏ ZHOO-dsehHEEβΏ ZHΓ-dseh1female of the larger variety of the wild turkeyred featherscfπππΌπ° ππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπππΌπ°ππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ»Ν2ππππ·
πΉπ»ΝππΌπ° πΌπ°ππ·HEEβΏ-skah GAH-xeh1do beadworktransitive verb2beadworknounThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ»ΝππΌπ°πΌπ°ππ·1
πΉπ»Νππ°heeβΏ-SHAH1Caddo (tribe or tribal member)cfπ²ππ°ππunspec. comp. form ofππ°ππ1πΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·1πΉπππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ1ππ°ΝπΌπ°πΌπ°Νππ·ππππΌππΌπ·ππ° πππΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°1πππΌπ°1ππ°ππ»Νππ°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°3ππππ·ππΝπΌπ°ππ°πΌπ» πΉπunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ°πΌπ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ°πΌπ»ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ»Ν 7ππ°πΉπ°Νππ°πΌπ·2ππ°πΏπ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ»Νππ»πΌπ°ππ·ππ»ππππ°ππ° ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»πΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ·ππ°πππΏπ°
πΉπ»Νπππ·HEEβΏ-shdsehunspec. var.πΉπ»Νππ΅π·πΉπ»Νππ΅π·ππ·πΉπ»Νπππ·ππ·1fuzzy
πΉπ»Νππ· πΉπHEEβΏ-dseh hoo1pawpaw (the plant, not the fruit)Asimina trilobaunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ1
πΉπΏπ° ππ»ππ·hlah ZEE-beharch. var.πππ° ππ»ππ·πππ° ππ»ππ»1Augustmonth of yellow flowersThis month is the first month of autumn.cfππ° πΉπ· ππ°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°2πΉπ·1ππ°ππΝ-ππ·ππ° πΌπ»ππππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°2πΌπ»πΌ-2ππππ·1-ππ·ππ° πππππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°2πππππ·-ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΉπΏπ°ππ»-ππ·unspec. comp. form of-π°ππ»ππ·3
πΉπΏπ°ππΌπ°HLAH-sgahhlah-SGAHunspec. var.πΏπ°ππΌπ°πππ°ππΌπ°1flowerunspec. comp. form ofπΉπΏπ°ππΌπ°1
πΉπΝπ΄π·HOHβΏ-breh1dreamintransitive verb2have a dreamintransitive verb3dreamnoun4dreamingnoun
πΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ·hohβΏ-BREEβΏ-keh1beans2green beanscfπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ· πππΉπunspec. comp. form ofπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ·πππΉππΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ· πππΉπ ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ· πππΉπππ»Ν
πΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ· πππΉπhohβΏ-BREEβΏ-keh TOH-hohunspec. var.πΉπΝπ΄π»Ν πππΉπ1green beanscfπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ·πΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ· πππΉπ ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ· πππΉπππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ·πππΉπ
πΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ· πππΉπ ππ»ΝhohβΏ-BREEβΏ-keh TOH-hoh zheeβΏ1peas2green beanscfπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ·πΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ· πππΉπunspec. comp. form ofπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ·πππΉπunspec. comp. form ofπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ· πππΉπunspec. comp. form ofπΉπΝπ΄π»ΝπΌπ·πππΉπππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°
πΉπππ»HOH-neeunspec. var.πΉπΝππ»1almost2nearlyQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 72) that this term "can be used to express 'fail to.'"cfππππΉπ°-ππ°ππ»1
πΉπππ°ΝHOH-tahβΏarch. var.πΉπππ°Ν1yell2holler3shout4cry out5sing or sound out6make a loud sound7roar8bellow9make animal sounds (e.g., sing like a bird, moo, bark, howl)loud voice
πΉπππ°ΝπΌπ°HOH-tahβΏ-kah1Winnebago (Hochunk) (tribe or tribal member)cfπ²ππ°ππunspec. comp. form ofππ°ππ1πΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·1πΉπ»Νππ°πΌπ°Νππ·ππππΌππΌπ·ππ° πππΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°1πππΌπ°1ππ°ππ»Νππ°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°3ππππ·ππΝπΌπ°ππ°πΌπ» πΉπunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ°πΌπ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ°πΌπ»ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌπ»ππ»Ν 7ππ°πΉπ°Νππ°πΌπ·2ππ°πΏπ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ»Νππ»πΌπ°ππ·ππ»ππππ°ππ° ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»πΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ·ππ°πππΏπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ1ππ°ΝπΌπ°
πΉπππ°ΝπΌπ° π»π·HOH-tahβΏ-kah EE-eh1Winnebago languageunspec. comp. form ofπΉπππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΉπ1ππ°ΝπΌπ°π»π·
πΉπ1hΓΌhoounspec. var.πΉπ»21trunk2stock or trunk, as of a tree3stalk4tree, when used after the name of the fruit or wood5bush, when used after the name of bush grown fruit6leg7leg (e.g., of spider)8legsThis term is often used to express "tree" when paired with a term describing a type of tree. For example, xoβΏdse (cedar) and xoβΏdsehu (cedar tree).
πΉππΉπ·πΌπ° ππΌπ°ππ°ΝHOO-heh-gah oh-GAH-shahβΏ1nurse or care for the sicktransitive verb2nursenounThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.unspec. comp. form ofπΉππΉπ·πΌπ°ππΌπ°ππ°Ν2
πΉππΉπ·πΌπ°ππ»HOO-heh-gah-tsee1hospitalsickness houseunspec. comp. form ofπΉππΉπ·πΌπ°ππ»1
πΉππΌπ°HOO-kahunspec. var.πΉππΌπ·1hook something (e.g., clothing or a tree, by using a thrown line)transitive verb2hook of any kindnoun
πΉπππ·hΓΌ-DSEH1the lower part or bottom of an object2the lower part of a stream, usually excepting its mouthcfπππ·
πΉπππ°πΏπ»ΝhΓΌ-WAH-leeβΏ1a great many2very muchunspec. comp. form ofπΉπ3ππ°πΏπ»Ν
πΉπππ·πΉπΏπ°ππ· ππππ°ππ·HΓ-we-HLAH-dseh ZHΓ-dah-beh1the second month of the summer or doge season of the Osages, probably Maycfππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-3-ππ·
π»
π»π·EE-eh1talkintransitive verb2sayintransitive verb3speakintransitive verb4make a speech or talkintransitive verb5talk abouttransitive verb6discusstransitive verb7speak oftransitive verb8speak a languagetransitive verb9wordnoun10wordsnoun11languagenoun12teachingsnoun13one's wordnoun14speechnoun15prayernoun
π»π· ππΌπ»πππ·EE-eh oh-GEE-pshehcont. var.π»π· πΌπ»πππ·1keep one's wordtransitive verb2promise-keepernounThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.unspec. comp. form ofπ»π·πΌπ»πΌ-1ππππ·
π»π· ππππ·EE-eh oh-PSHEH1obey, follow, or keep true to someone's wordThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.unspec. comp. form ofπ»π·ππππ·
π»π· ππ»ππ°ΝEE-eh thee-TAHβΏ1Braillenoun2read Brailletransitive verbtouch wordsunspec. comp. form ofπ»π·ππ»ππ°Ν2unspec. comp. form ofππ»-3
π»π· ππ°πππΉπ»EE-eh wah-SΓ-hee1pure wordsunspec. comp. form ofπ»π·ππ°πππΉπ
π»πΉπ°ΝπΌπ°ee-HAHβΏ-kah1sister-in-law (wife's sister) (his/her)2sister-in-law (brother's wife, of a male) (his)cfππ»πΉπ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*πΉπ°ΝπΌπ°ππ»πΉπ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*πΉπ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*πΉπ°ΝπΌπ°
π»πΉπΝee-HOHβΏ1mother (his/her)2the mother3a mother4aunt (mother's older sister) (his/her)5wife (my)To express the idea of "my wife" with this term, say the name of the son first. For example, "son's name + ihoβΏ."Quintero notes, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else.cfπ»ππ°Νππ»πΉπΝunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*πΉπΝunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*πΉπΝ
π»πΉπΝππ°Νee-HOHβΏ-tahβΏ1aunt (mother's older sister) his/hercfπ»ππ°Νππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»ππ°Νππ°Ν2ππ»πΉπΝππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»πΉπΝππ°Ν2unspec. comp. form ofπ»πΉπΝunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*πΉπΝππ°Ν2
π»πΉπΝππ»Νee-HOHβΏ-zheeβΏ1aunt (mother's younger sister) (his/her)cfπ»ππ°Νππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»ππ°Νππ»Νππ»πΉπΝππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»πΉπΝππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»πΉπΝunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*πΉπΝππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°
π»πΌπ°ππ°ππ°ΝEE-gah-tah-mahβΏ1bellunspec. comp. form ofπ»-1πΌπ°ππ°ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππ°ππ°Ν
π»πΌπee-KOH1grandmother (his/her)2grandmother (my)3mother-in-law (husband's mother) (his/her)4mother-in-law (husband's mother) (my)5great aunt (mother's mother's sister) (his/her)6great aunt (mother's mother's sister) (my)7great aunt (father's mother's sister) (his/her)8great aunt (father's mother's sister) (my)9mother's cousin (mother's mother's brother's daughter) (his/her)10mother's cousin (mother's mother's brother's daughter) (my)11father's cousin (father's mother's brother's daughter) (his/her)12father's cousin (father's mother's brother's daughter) (my)Quintero notes, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else.cfππ»πΌπunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*πΌπunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*πΌπ
π»πΌπ πΏπΝee-KOH lohβΏ1grandmother thundercfππ»ππ»πΌπ ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»ππ»πΌπππ»Ν1ππ»ππ»πΌπ ππ·ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»ππ»πΌπππ·ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»πΌπunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*πΌππΏπΝ1unspec. var. ofπΏπΝπΉπΝ
π»πΏπΝππ°ee-LOHβΏ-pah1son (first) (my, your, his/her)Quintero (Osage Dictionary, page 102) notes that for this term its "use beyond 1st and 2nd person (e.g., for 'my first son' and 'your first son') seems limited."cfπ»πΏπΝππ°ΝπΌππΝπΌπ°πΌππ°πΌπ·πΌππ°ππ»Ν
π»πΏπΝππ° π»πΉπΝee-LOHβΏ-pah ee-HOHβΏ1wife (my)2wife (your)3wife (his)Quintero notes that this term is both "vocative and referent" (Osage Dictionary (2009), page 102) which means it is used to both address this person, as well as refer to them when talking to someone else. She also notes that this term "can be used for 'wife' if the husband and wife have a son." (Osage Grammar (2004), page 484)Quintero notes, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else.cfππ»ππ°πΌ'πunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1ππ°πΌβπππ°πΌ'π ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌβπππ»ππ°ππ°πΌ'π ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌβπππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»πΏπΝππ°π»πΉπΝunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*πΉπΝ
π»πΏπΝππ° π»ππ°ππ·1ee-LOHβΏ-pah ee-THAH-dsehunspec. var.π»πΏπΝππ° π»ππ°ππ»1husband (my)2husband (your)3husband (her)cfππ»πΌπ° ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»πΌπ°ππ»ππ°π'π±ππ»Ν ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ'π±ππ»Νππ»ππ°ππ»ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»πΏπΝππ°π»ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°ππ·
π»πΏπΝππ° π»ππ°ππ·2ee-LOHβΏ-pah ee-THAH-dseh1husband (your)cfππ»πΌπ° ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»πΌπ°ππ»ππ°π'π±ππ»Ν ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ'π±ππ»Νππ»ππ°ππ»ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»πΏπΝππ°π»ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°ππ·
π»πΏπΝππ°Νee-LOHβΏ-tahβΏcont. var.π»πΏπΝπ»ΝπΏπΝ1son (first) (my, your, his/her)2son (eldest)cfπ»πΏπΝππ°πΌππΝπΌπ°πΌππ°πΌπ·πΌππ°ππ»Ν
π»ππ°Νee-NAHβΏ1mother (my)2aunt (mother's sister) (my)This term can refer to either the mother's older or younger sister. Note that there are specific terms for each that can be used.3aunt (mother's older sister) (my)4aunt (mother's younger sister) (my)Quintero notes, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else.cfπ»πΉπΝunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*πΉπΝππ»πΉπΝunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*πΉπΝ
π»ππ°Νππ°Νee-NAHβΏ-tahβΏ1aunt (mother's older sister) (my)Quintero notes, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else.cfπ»πΉπΝππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»πΉπΝππ°Ν2ππ»πΉπΝππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»πΉπΝππ°Ν2unspec. comp. form ofπ»ππ°Νππ°Ν2
π»ππ°Νππ»Νee-NAHβΏ-zheeβΏ1aunt (mother's younger sister) (my)Quintero notes, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else.cfπ»πΉπΝππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»πΉπΝππ»Νππ»πΉπΝππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»πΉπΝππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»ππ°Νππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°
π»ππ»πΌπ°ee-NEE-kah1husband (her)cfπ»ππ°πΌ'πunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2ππ°πΌβππ'π±ππ»Ν π»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ'π±ππ»Νπ»ππ°1ππ»ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1ππ»πΌπ°ππ»ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2ππ»πΌπ°
π»ππ°πΉπΝEE-bah-hohβΏunspec. var.π»ππ°πΉπ1know (e.g., a fact, the answer to a question)2understand3know as a person4be acquainted with5recognize6know someone as (being a certain way or a certain type of person)7guess
π»ππΝπ·ππ»Νee-SOHβΏ-eh-zheeβΏunspec. var.π»ππΝπ°ππ»Ν1brother (younger, of a female) (her)cfππ»ππΝπ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝπ·ππ»Νππ»ππΝπ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝπ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππΝπ·ππ»Ν
π»ππΝπΌπ°ee-SOHβΏ-kah1brother (younger, of a male) (his)cfππ»ππΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝπΌπ°ππ»ππΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππΝπΌπ°
π»ππ»πΌ'π·ee-SHEE-k'eh1brother-in-law (husband's brother) (her)2brother-in-law (sister's husband, of a female) (her)3brother-in-law (husband's sister's husband, of a female) (her)cfππ»ππ»πΌ'π·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»πΌ'π·ππ»ππ»πΌ'π·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»πΌ'π·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ»πΌ'π·
π»ππ»πΌππ°Νee-SHEE-kxahβΏ1sister-in-law (husband's sister) (her)2sister-in-law (brother's wife) (her)3sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife) (her)cfππ»πΌππ°Νππ»ππ»πΌππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1ππ»πΌππ°Νππ»ππ»πΌππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1ππ»πΌππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2ππ»πΌππ°Ν
π»ππ°1EE-tahee-TAHunspec. var.ππ°71his/hers, theirs (be)pronoun2theirspronoun3belong to (him/her, them)pronoun4fit, be suitable or appropriateverbcfππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°ππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°
π»ππ°ΝπΉπ°ee-TAHβΏ-hah1uncle (father's sister's husband) (his/her)2brother-in-law (wife's brother) (his/her)3brother-in-law (sister's husband, of a male) (his)cfππ»ππ°ΝπΉπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°ΝπΉπ°ππ»ππ°ΝπΉπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°ΝπΉπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°ΝπΉπ°
π»ππ°ΝπΌπ·ee-TAHβΏ-keh1sister (older) (his/her)Quintero notes, "The 'older sister' terms designate the older of the sisters, not necessarily someone older than the person speaking. They are also used between two female friends without regard to relative age."cfπ»ππΝπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππΝπ°ππ»ππ°ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππ°ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°ΝπΌπ·
π»Νππ°πeeβΏ-TAH-oh1indeed2really3trulyMaleThis term is often used to end a declarative sentence with the one(s) being addressed being some distance away.cfπ1π2ππ°Ν4
π»Νππ°ππ»eeβΏ-TAH-dsee1father (my)2uncle (father's brother) (my)Quintero notes, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else.cfπ»ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°ππ·ππ»ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»Ν-unspec. var. ofπ»-2
π»Νππ°ππ» ππ°πΌπΝππ°eeβΏ-TAH-dsee wah-KOHβΏ-dah1our heavenly fatherfather Godunspec. comp. form ofπ»Νππ°ππ»unspec. comp. form ofπ»Ν-ππ°πΌπΝππ°
π»Νππ°ππ»ππ»ΝeeβΏ-TAH-dsee-zheeβΏ1uncle (father's brother) (my)As a general rule, kinship terms in Osage must have a prefix to express my, your, or his/her. This particular case is a rare exception where this base form can be used to address an individual (vocative).cfπ»ππ°ππ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°ππ·ππ»Νππ»ππ°ππ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°ππ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»Νππ°ππ»unspec. comp. form ofπ»Ν-ππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°
π»ππ°ππ·EE-dah-theh1give birth to offspring2bear a child, etc.unspec. comp. form ofπ»ππ°2-ππ·
π»ππ·ππ»Νee-TEH-zheeβΏunspec. var.π»ππ°π·ππ»Νπ»ππ±ππ»Ν1sister (younger) (his/her)Quintero notes, "The sister designated by a 'younger sister' term need not be younger than the speaker, just younger than another sister."cfππ»ππ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ·ππ»Νππ»ππ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ·ππ»Ν
π»ππΝππ·ee-TOHβΏ-dseh1son-in-law (daughter's husband) (his/her)cfππ»ππΝππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝππ·ππ»ππΝππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππΝππ·
π»Νππ·πΌπ»eeβΏ-DSEH-gee1uncle (mother's brother) (his/her)cfππ»Νππ·πΌπ»unspec. comp. form ofππ»Ν-*ππ·πΌπ»ππ»Νππ·πΌπ»unspec. comp. form ofππ»Ν-*ππ·πΌπ»unspec. comp. form ofπ»Ν-unspec. var. ofπ»-2*ππ·πΌπ»
π»ππ»πΌπee-TSEE-goh1grandfather (his/her)2father-in-law (his/her)cfπ'π°πΌπ· π»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ'π°πΌπ·π»ππ°1ππ»ππ»πΌπunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»πΌπππ»ππ»πΌπunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»πΌπunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ»πΌπ
π»ππ»ππ»ee-TSEE-mee1aunt (father's sister) (his/her)cfππ»ππ»ππ»unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»ππ»unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ»ππ»
π»ππ»ππ»ee-TSEE-nee1daughter-in-law (son's wife) (his/her)cfππ»Ν π°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»Ν4π°ππππ·ππ»ππ»ππ»unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»ππ»unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ»ππ»
π»ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·ee-tsee-OH-zhahβΏ-kehcont. var.π»ππππ°ΝπΌπ·1niece (brother's daughter, of a female) (her)cfππ»ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·
π»ππ»Νππee-TSEEβΏ-doh1brother (older, of a female) (her)cfππ»ππ»Νππunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»Νππππ»ππ»Νππunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»Νππunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ»Νππ
π»ππ»ππee-TSEE-zhoh1cousin (father's sister's daughter) (his/her)2niece (sister's daughter, of a male) (his)cfππ»ππ»ππunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»ππππ»ππ»ππunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»ππunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ»ππ
π»ππππΌπ°ee-TSOH-shgah1nephew (wife's brother's son) (his/her)2nephew (sister's son, of a male) (his)3nephew (brother's son, of a female) (her)4cousin (father's sister's son) (his/her)5grandchild (his/her)Quintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 91) that "use of term to mean 'grandchild' is unexpected."cfππ»ππππΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππππΌπ°ππ»ππππΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππππΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππππΌπ°
π»πππππ°ee-TSOH-shpah1grandchild (his/her)cfππ»πππππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1πππππ°ππ»πππππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1πππππ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2πππππ°
π»ππ°ππ·ee-THAH-dsehunspec. var.π»ππ°ππ»1father (his/her)2uncle (father's brother) (his/her)3husband (my)To express the idea of "my husband" with this term, say the name of the daughter first. For example, "daughter's name + ithadse."Quintero notes, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else.cfπ»Νππ°ππ»unspec. comp. form ofπ»Ν-ππ»ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°ππ·
π»ππ°ππ·ππ»Νee-THAH-dseh-zheeβΏ1father (his/her)2uncle (father's brother) (his/her)cfπ»Νππ°ππ»ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»Νππ°ππ»ππ»Νππ»ππ°ππ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ°ππ·ππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°ππ·ππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°
π»ππ°πΌ'πee-WAH-k'ohee-wah-k'OH1wife (his)cfπ»ππ»πΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2ππ»πΌπ°ππ»ππ°πΌ'πunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1ππ°πΌβπunspec. comp. form ofπ»-2ππ°πΌβπ
π»ππ°πΌ'πππ»Νee-WAH-k'oh-zheeβΏ1mother-in-law (his/her)cfππ»ππ°πΌ'πππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ»-1ππ°πΌ'πππ»Νππ°πΌ'πππ»Ν π»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌ'πππ»Νπ»ππ°1unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2ππ°πΌ'πππ»Νunspec. comp. form ofππ°πΌβπππ»Ν
π»ππ»ΝπΌπ·ee-ZHEEβΏ-keh1son (his/her)2nephew (brother's son, of a male) (his)3nephew (sister's son, of a female) (her)cfππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ»ΝπΌπ·
π»ππ»Νππ·ee-ZHEEβΏ-thehcont. var.π»ππ»Νπ»ππ»Νπ·1brother (older, of a male) (his)cfππ»ππ»Νππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»Νππ·ππ»ππ»Νππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππ»Νππ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ»Νππ·
π»ππΝπ°ee-ZHOHβΏ-ah1sister (older, of a female) (her)cfπ»ππ°ΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππ°ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππΝπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝπ°ππ»ππΝπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝπ°unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππΝπ°
π»ππΝπΌπ·ee-ZHOHβΏ-keh1daughter (his/her)2niece (brother's daughter, of a male) (his)3niece (sister's daughter, of a female) (her)cfππ»ππΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝπΌπ·ππ»ππΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-1*ππΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπ»-2*ππΝπΌπ·
πΌ
πΌπ°gah1that2that: refers to what is remote, at one side, or out of sight3these4this5this one (animate or inanimate [may apply to abstract entities], emphatic or expressing certainty or immediacy)6here, in this placecfππ·1ππ·2
πΌπ°ΝkahβΏunspec. var.πΌπΝarch. var.πΌ'π°Ν1vein2artery3blood vessel4roots of trees or plants5vein or blood vessel
πΌπ°Ν ππ°ΝπΌπ°KAHβΏ TAHβΏ-kah1muscleunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ°ΝπΌπ°
πΌπ°πΉπ»πΌπ·gah-HEE-geh1chief2chief (especially a keeper of a sacred pipe)3great onecfππ°ππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°-3ππ°ΝπΌπ°
πΌπ°πΉπ»ππ°gah-HEE-thah1said when the wind blows or wafts an odor, etc., towards a person - refers to any light objectunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°πΉπΏπ»gah-HLEEarch. var.πΌπ°πππ»1stun or kill, as a person or tree, by a blow2the killing of an enemy by a war party3the striking of an enemy by a warrior, an act which entitles him to a military honorunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°πΉπΏπΝgah-HLOHβΏunspec. var.πΌπ°πΉπΏπ°Νarch. var.πΌπ°πππ°Ν1hunting party composed of all or a large part of a tribe
πΌπ°πΉπΏπΝ πΏπ»gah-HLOHβΏ leearch. var.πΌπ°πππΝ πΌππ»1return of people from a huntThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.cfπΌπ°πΉπΏπΝ ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°πΉπΏπΝπ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°πΉπΏπΝπ°πΏπ»
πΌπ°πΉπΏπΝ ππ·gah-HLOHβΏ thehunspec. var.πΌπ°πΉπΏπ°Ν ππ·arch. var.πΌπ°πππΝ ππ·1migrate2travel3go on a hunting expedition4go on a hunting expedition with many or all of the tribe5go with a large party, each man taking his householdThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.cfπΌπ°πΉπΏπΝ πΏπ»unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°πΉπΏπΝπ°πΏπ»unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°πΉπΏπΝπ°ππ·
πΌπ°πΌπΝGAH-gohβΏgah-GOHβΏarch. var.πΌπ°πΌπΝ1in that manner2in this manner3thuscfππ·πΌπΝunspec. comp. form ofππ·2π·πΌπΝunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°π·πΌπΝ
πΌπ°πΌπΝππ°ΝGAH-gohβΏ-DAHβΏ1while thus2at that time3when this was done, or being done4therefore5thenunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°πΌπΝunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°π·πΌπΝππ°Ν1
πΌπ°πΌππ»Νππ·gah-KSHEEβΏ-dseh1strike a blow and miss the object, because the hand or weapon glides by, or the person or animal dodgescfππ°πΌππ»Νππ·1unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1*πΌππ»Νππ·ππ°πΌππ»Νππ·2unspec. comp. form ofππ°-2*πΌππ»Νππ·πππΌππ»Νππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ-*πΌππ»Νππ·ππ»πΌππ»Νππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-3*πΌππ»Νππ·ππ»πΌππ»Νππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-3*πΌππ»Νππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-*πΌππ»Νππ·
πΌπ°πΏπ·πΌπ·gah-LEH-geharch. var.πΌπ°πππ·πΌπ·1break in, as a stove, skull, window pane, etc.For this term, Dorsey notes that it "Refers to hard objects, requiring much force."cfππ°ΝπΏπ·πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°Ν-πΏπ·πΌπ·ππ°πΏπ·πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-2πΏπ·πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-πΏπ·πΌπ·
πΌπ°πΏπ·πΏπ·πΌπ·gah-LEH-leh-geharch. var.πΌπ°πππ·πππ·πΌπ·1break an object into piecesThis term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-πΏπ·πΌπ·
πΌπ°ππ°Νkah-MAHβΏKAH-mahβΏ1ring2ring, as a bell3the sound produced by the striking of a bellThis term does not refer to the act of ringing a bell, but rather the actual ring of a bell.cfππ°ππ°Ν
πΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππ·gah-BAH-bah-xeh1break a rope in pieces or shreds by frequent blows with a stick or axeThis term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ°ππ·
πΌπ°ππ°ππ·gah-BAH-xeh1break or cut a rope once with an axe or stickcfππ°Νππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°Ν-ππ°ππ·ππ°ππ°ππ·1unspec. comp. form ofππ°-2ππ°ππ·ππ°ππ°ππ·2unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1ππ°ππ·ππππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ-ππ°ππ·ππ°ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-ππ°ππ·ππ°ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1ππ°ππ·ππ»ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»-3ππ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππ°ππ·
πΌπ°ππππ·gah-BΓ-zeh1dry an object by blowing on it, as the wind does2sweep dryunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππππ·
πΌπ°ππππΌπ·gah-PXOH-keharch. var.πΌπ°ππππΌπ·1burst2explode3pop (e.g., a balloon)4hit someone on the back, knocking the wind out5make a thud or dull sound by striking a soft object, or the ground6clap the hands7burst, as a leaf on the forehead, by striking it with the hands8stun, crashcfππ°ΝππππΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°Ν-ππππΌπ·ππ°ππππΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1ππππΌπ·ππ°ππππΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1ππππΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππππΌπ·
πΌ'π°Νππ°πΌπ»k'AHβΏ-sah-gee1fast in movementadjective2fleet (as a runner)adjective3quicklyadverb4fastadverb5rapidlyadverb6swiftlyadverb
πΌπ°ππ²ππ°Νgah-SAHβΏ-eeβΏ-dahβΏ1during tomorrowunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ²ππ°Ν1
πΌπ°ππ·gah-SEHGAH-seh1chop or cut with a striking blow (e.g., from a blade, such as an axe or knife)2cut with a lawnmower3chop up (e.g., long, thin sticks of wood for a fire)4chop down (not by sawing)5cut with an ax or hatchet, as a tree into firewoodcfππ°ππ·1unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1*ππ·ππ°ππ·2unspec. comp. form ofππ°-2*ππ·ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ-*ππ·ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ-*ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-*ππ·
πΌπ°ππ»πΌπ·gah-SEE-geh1make pieces fly in all directions, by cutting with an ax, or by shootingcfππ°Νππ»πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°Ν-ππ°ππ»πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°ππ»Νππ°Νgah-SEEβΏ-dahβΏ1during tomorrowunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ»Νππ°Ν1
πΌπ°ππΌπ·ππ·gah-SGEH-beh1shave a personcfππ°ππΌπ·ππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°πππ·πΌπ·gah-STSEH-geh1gash the skin by hitting with a knife, sharp stone, etc., or by falling on some sharp and prominent object2make a deep gash in the skin by hitting with a knife or stick, or by falling on some prominent or sharp objectcfππ°πππ·πΌπ·1unspec. comp. form ofππ°-2ππ°πππ·πΌπ·2unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1ππ°πππ·πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1πππππ·πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ-unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°πππ·πππ·πΌπ·gah-STSEH-stseh-geh1gash the skin repeatedly by hitting with a knife, or by falling on some sharp object2tear clothing, etc., into shreds by blowing at it (said of the wind)This term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."cfππ°πππ·πππ·πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-2πππππ·πππ·πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ-unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°ππ» ππ»ΝπΌπ°GAH-shee ZHEEβΏ-kah1a short time2a little while3a little while ago4after some timeunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ°
πΌπ°ππΝgah-SHOHβΏunspec. var.πΌπ°ππΝπ·πΌπ°ππΝππ·arch. var.πΌπ°ππΝ1enough2sufficient3enough (of some activity)4final point, end (e.g., of one's earthly existence)
πΌπ°ππΝ πΌπ°ππ·gah-SHOHβΏ GAH-xeharch. var.πΌπ°ππΝ πΌπ°ππ·1stop work2stop what one is about, and depart3bring his visit to an endThis entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.cfπΌπ°ππΝππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππΝ-ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππΝπΌπ°ππ·1
πΌπ°ππΝπΌπ·gah-SHOHβΏ-keharch. var.πΌπ°ππΝπΌπ·1break very fine2make crumble into pieces3crush into dustDorsey notes that this term "Refers to an act subsequent to that denoted by gaxuxe."cfπΌπ°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππππ·ππ°ππΝπΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°ππππ·gah-SHOH-dseharch. var.πΌπ°ππππ·1raise a dust by blowing, as the wind does, or by strikingcfππ°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππππ·
πΌπ°ππΝππ°gah-SHOHβΏ-thaharch. var.πΌπ°ππΝππ°1knock against a vessel, causing some of its liquid contents to be spilt, without upsetting the vesselcfππ°ππΝππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°-1*ππΝππ°unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-*ππΝππ°
πΌπ°ππΝππ·gah-SHOHβΏ-theharch. var.πΌπ°ππΝππ·1stop workcfπΌπ°ππΝ πΌπ°ππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππΝπΌπ°ππ·1unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππΝ-ππ·
πΌπ°πππ°gah-SHDAH1cut off all the grass, etc., making the surface of the ground smooth or evencfπππππ°πΉπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ-1πππ°πΉπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-πππ°unspec. var. ofπππ°πΉπ°
πΌπ°ππππ·gah-SHOO-behgah-SHΓ-beh1pay (a debt)2pay for (a purchase)unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°ππ°ΝGAH-tahβΏ1that far2that (is) far enoughcfπΌπ°πππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°
πΌπ°ππ°ππ°Νgah-TAH-mahβΏ1ring2make a ringing noise3ring like a bellunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππ°ππ°Ν
πΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππ°gah-TAH-tah-thaharch. var.πΌπ°π'π°π'π°ππ°1wear a plaited whip into shreds by long usage2break up coals on fire into small pieces by frequent blowsThis term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππ°ππ°
πΌπ°ππ°ππ·gah-DAH-dseh1deep mud, such as cattle get mired innoun2sloughnoun3mire: said of horses and oxenverb4miry5boggy6marsh mirenoun
πΌπ°ππ°ππ°gah-TAH-haharch. var.πΌπ°π'π°ππ°1make a rope come unplaited by striking or blowing it (the latter being done by the wind)2knock and object to pieces, to make it fall apartcfππππ°ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ-ππ°ππ°unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππ°ππ°
πΌπ°πππ°ΝGAH-txahβΏ1that far2awhile3that (is) far enoughcfπΌπ°ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°
πΌπ°ππ·1GAH-tseh1that remote or unseen standing inanimate object or collection of inanimate objects2that subject or matterunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ·1
πΌπ°ππ·2gah-TSEH1skim off the grease from the surface of the water in a kettleunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°Νππ· πΉπ»Νπππ·KAHβΏ-dseh HEEβΏ-shdsehunspec. var.πΌπ°Νππ· πΉπ»Νππ΅π·1peachunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·πΉπ»Νπππ·
πΌπ°Νππ· ππΏπ°ΝKAHβΏ-dseh oh-LAHβΏcont. var.πΌπ°ΝπππΏπ°Ν1pie of any sort (fruit, cream, etc.)place fruit into itunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·ππΏπ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ-
πΌπ°Νππ· ππ° π°πΏπ°ΝKAHβΏ-dseh pah AH-lahβΏ1pearapple with a nose placed upon itunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·ππ°1π°πΏπ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2
πΌπ°Νππ· ππππ·KAHβΏ-dseh BOO-zeh1dried fruitunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·ππππ·
πΌπ°Νππ· ππ°ππ·KAHβΏ-dseh SAH-beh1pruneunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·ππ°ππ·
πΌπ°Νππ· ππππ·KAHβΏ-dseh XOH-dseh1plumcfππ»ππππ· πΌπ°Νππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»ππππ·πΌπ°Νππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·ππππ·
πΌπ°Νππ· ππ» π'π°ππ·KANβΏ-dseh zee ts'AH-theh1lemonunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·ππ»π'π°ππ·
πΌπ°Νππ· ππ» ππ»ΝKAHβΏ-dseh zee zheeβΏ1apricotunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·ππ»ππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°
πΌπ°Νππ· ππππ·KAHβΏ-dseh ZHOO-dsehunspec. var.πΌπ°Νππ· πππ·1tomatored fruitunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·ππππ·
πΌπ°Νππ·ππ»KAHβΏ-dseh-nee1fruit juicefruit waterunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°Νππ·ππ»1
πΌπ°ππ·ππ·gah-TSEH-tseh1skim off the particles of grease from the surface of the water in a kettleThis term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°ππ»Νgah-DSEEβΏarch. var.πΌπ°π΅π»Ν1across2across an object at right angles3at right angles with
πΌπ°ππgah-DSΓ1wipe or scrape clean, as a child, after it has stooled: so described because a corn cob or stick is used for the purpose2scrape off, as snow, with a hoe or axe3paw away the earth or snow, as horses dounspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°ππππ·gah-DSOO-xehgah-DSΓ-xehunspec. var.ππππ·11sweep2sweep (with any object)3dust or sweep, as with a broom, but not with a brush4push litter off a floorcfπΌπ°ππ»ππΌπ»unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππ»ππΌπ»2unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-
πΌπ°Νππ°2KAHβΏ-thahunspec. var.πΌπ°Νππ°11attacktransitive verb2charge upon an enemytransitive verb3raidtransitive verb4threatentransitive verb5rush on or attack him, her, or ittransitive verb6a menacenoun
πΌπ°ππ»ΝπΌππ·GAH-theeβΏ-ksheh1that sitting one (animate object)2that curvilinear inanimate object3that part4that standing animate object, or that curvilinear inanimate object, at one side (but seen) or out of sight (but heard)5that one standing, the object of an action6seen, and near the speakerunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ»ΝπΌππ·
πΌπ°ππ»ππΌπ»gah-THEE-sgee1sweep together, as wheat, etc., scattered on the ground or floorcfπΌπ°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππ»ππΌπ»2unspec. comp. form ofππ»-3
πΌπ°ππ1gah-THOH1over therecfππ·ππΝunspec. comp. form ofππ·2unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°
πΌπ°ππΝgah-THOHβΏunspec. var.πΌπ°ππ21then2and then3and next4and then immediately5and right away6in or at that place or time7andThis term can be used to express numbers greater than one thousand.8an introductory and9here next tocfπ°πΏπ»Νunspec. comp. form ofπ°-2πΏπ»Νπ·ππ»1
πΌπ°ππ°KAH-wahkah-WAH1horse2ponyThis term is borrowed from the Spanish word for horse (caballo).
πΌπ°ππ° πΌπ»ππ°ππ°ΝKAH-wah kee-BAH-nahβΏ1horse raceunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°Νunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ»πΌ-2
πΌπ°ππ° ππ°Νππ° πππ·π·KAH-wah NAHβΏ-tah SDSEH-eh1mulethe horse with the long earscfππ°Νππ°Νππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofππ°Νππ°Νππ°ΝπΌπ°unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ°ππ°Νππ°unspec. var. ofππ°Νππ°Νπππ·π·unspec. var. ofπππ·ππ·
πΌπ°ππ° ππ°ππΝπ΄π·KAH-wah wah-NOHβΏ-brehkah-WAH wah-NOHβΏ-breharch. var.πΌπ°ππ° ππ°ππΝπππ·1oatsfood for horsesunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππΝπ΄π·unspec. comp. form ofππ°-3ππΝπ΄π·
πΌπ°ππ° ππ°ππ·ππ»KAH-wah wah-TSEH-xee1wild horse2untamed horsedifficult horseunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππ·ππ»unspec. comp. form ofππ°-3ππ·ππ»
πΌπ°ππ° ππππ·KAH-wah XOH-dsehunspec. var.πΌπ°ππ° πππ·1gray horseunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ°ππππ·
πΌπ°ππ°ππ·ππ·ππ»KAH-wah-DSEH-zheh-nee1beerhorse urinecfππ» π°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofππ»1π°ππππ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ°ππ·ππ·ππ»unspec. comp. form ofππ·ππ·ππ»1
πΌπ°ππ°ππ»Ν ππ°Νππ°ΝKAH-wah-zheeβΏ TAHβΏ-wahβΏ1Bartlesville, Oklahomalittle horse townunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ°ππ»Νunspec. var. ofππ»ΝπΌπ°ππ°Νππ°Ν
πΌπ°ππ°2gah-XAH1limb, bough, or branch of a tree2branch of a stream3stream of water4creek or river
πΌπ°ππ·1GAH-xeh1make, fix, prepare, baketransitive verb2buildtransitive verb3make or force someone to do somethingtransitive verb4cause something to be a certain waytransitive verb5turn ontransitive verb6do, perform, engage intransitive verb7make it (in a card game)intransitive verb8maketransitive verb9dotransitive verb10acttransitive verb11behavetransitive verb12causetransitive verbcf-ππ·
πΌπ°ππ· ππ°ΝπΌπ°KAH-xeh TAHβΏ-kah1ravenbig crowunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°ππ·2ππ°ΝπΌπ°
πΌπ°ππ»ππ°gah-XEE-thah1make fall to the ground by striking, etc.cfππππ»ππ°unspec. comp. form ofππ-ππ»ππ°1unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππ»ππ°1
πΌπ°ππΝgah-XOHβΏ1break off, break by striking (a long object, such as a stick)transitive verb2be broken (when used with continuative auxiliary akxa or apa)intransitive verb3break, as a nail, ear of corn, stick, etc., by striking, without breaking it entirely in twotransitive verb4break or be broken by fallingtransitive verbcfππ°ΝππΝunspec. comp. form ofππ°Ν-ππΝππ°ππΝunspec. comp. form ofππ°-1ππΝππ°ππΝunspec. comp. form ofππ°-1ππΝππ»ππΝunspec. comp. form ofππ»-3ππΝunspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-ππΝ
πΌπ°πππ·πππ·πΌπ·gah-XTHEH-xtheh-gehThis term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-πππ·πΌπ·arch. var. ofπΏπ·πΌπ·arch. var. ofπΌπ°πΏπ·πΏπ·πΌπ·unspec. comp. form ofπΌπ°-πΏπ·πΌπ·
πΌπ°ππππ·gah-XΓ-xeh1break, as any small or thin object, requiring little force, as a pecan nut